China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Concrete Durability and Surface Deterioration
Published in Ghasan Fahim Huseien, Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam, Mahmood Md. Tahir, Geopolymers as Sustainable Surface Concrete Repair Materials, 2023
Ghasan Fahim Huseien, Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam, Mahmood Md. Tahir
The attack on the external surface and internal cracks are the two main reasons of concrete degradation. In the former, processes such as corrosion, cavity formation, abrasion and scaling are involved. The latter mainly involves the effect of rapid humidity or temperature changes, crystallization pressure, structure loading and exposure to extreme temperatures (freezing, fire). Climatic and environmental factors are the main causes of concrete degradation. The deformation of concretes happens due to climate changes and exposure to various types of destructive chemicals. Low-temperature and high-humidity conditions can easily induce internal cracks due to freezing and thawing, de-icing salt spill out, reinforced erosion, and alkaline-aggregated chemical reactions. Conversely, at humid and hot climates, the severe attack of water and alkaline-aggregated chemical reactions are common. Besides, at dry climatic conditions, the carbonation event occurs. In the marine environment, the most common cause of degradation is attack by sea water (containing sulphates). Moreover, degradation may also happen due to erosion, glacial abrasion and freezing–thawing. On top of these, other factors causing concrete degradations may include structural design, placement, maintenance and characteristics of concrete materials. Thus, synthesis of superior concrete materials with new compositions and their subsequent characterization are demanded to protect them from external and internal degradations.
Repair and Retrofitting of Bridges under IBMS protocol
Published in Nigel Powers, Dan M. Frangopol, Riadh Al-Mahaidi, Colin Caprani, Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges, 2018
Sitarama Sagi Raju, Tumati Kiran Kumar
Bridges form one of the most important infrastructure facilities in the world. As a component asset management program, the Indian bridge management system (IBMS) facilitates performance-based and data-driven project planning by storing historical bridge data, including bridge characteristics, inspection data, rating information, uses deterioration models and economic models to predict future needs when optimizing network-level and project-level decisions. In world-wide phenomena the cause of deterioration is due to inadequate design & construction, overloading, lack of adequate maintenance, atmospheric effect and unseen abnormal floods, earthquakes etc. Effectiveness in detection and characterization of major deterioration types: delamination, concrete degradation, reinforcement corrosion, and cracking.
Performance assessment model of non-destructive technologies in inspecting concrete bridge decks
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2023
Sherif Abdelkhalek, Tarek Zayed
The new parameters introduced in the previous sub-section and parameters found in the literature (Table 1) were put together in one model. A total of forty parameters were used in this study to measure the strengthens and weaknesses of using different NDT technologies. The developed model is shown in Figure 2. The PAM network was divided into three levels: criteria, sub-criteria, and parameters. Starting from the first criterion, “capability” assessed the ability of an NDT technology to detect different types of defects, which included cracks, scaling, spalling, delamination, concrete degradation, and corrosion. Concrete degradation is a term used to describe the reduction in concrete characteristics, such as strength and modulus.