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Theory of compaction
Published in Burt G. Look, Earthworks, 2023
Compaction is also known as mechanical stabilisation or densification. The objective of compaction is to improve the engineering properties of the soil mass. As density increases: Soil strength (cohesion and friction) can be increased, resulting in improved slope stability and bearing capacity of pavement subgradesThe soil modulus increases with improved pavement subgradesSettlements can be reduced or preventedPermeability is reducedReduced surface erosion occurs
Soil Mechanics
Published in Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough, Earth Materials, 2019
Dexter Perkins, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, Lance D. Yarbrough
Soil compaction is essential for many engineering purposes. Among other things, compaction increases soil strengthdecreases permeabilityreduces settlement of foundationsincreases slope stability of embankments. So, intentional soil compaction is often a necessary first step for many construction projects involving foundations, roads, walkways, earthen dams, or other containment structures. It is especially desirable in areas that have been filled or backfilled to provide land for development. Proper compaction, for example, might have stopped the Leaning Tower of Pisa from leaning.
Utilization of waste from KMML as landfill liner
Published in Sheela Evangeline, M.R. Rajkumar, Saritha G. Parambath, Recent Advances in Materials, Mechanics and Management, 2019
Compaction is the process of packing the soil particle closely by removing the air voids from the soil. In the present study, we are intended to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the local soil of Trivandrum by IS light compaction test as per IS 2720 part 7 (1980). The soil is mixed with the various percentage of waste material say 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. For each percentage, the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density were determined. Thus the optimum percentage of waste was determined.
Influence of aggregate gradation and compaction on compressive strength and porosity characteristics of pervious concrete
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2022
Arulanantham Anburuvel, Daniel Niruban Subramaniam
Another important parameter besides aggregate gradation that alters the performance of PC is compaction. Applying compaction in PC mix preparation contributes to pack aggregates in a homogenous manner and also helps cement paste to coat around aggregate Kevern et al., 2009, Lian and Zhuge, 2010). Excess compaction, however, results in clogging pores. Studies, therefore emphasised the need of moderating compaction process in PC mix preparation (Kevern et al., 2009, Lian and Zhuge, 2010, Pieralisi et al., 2016). Compaction is characterised by its type, energy supplied and configuration. Various types of compaction methods including static loading, vibration, rodding, standard Proctor rammer and Marshall rammer have been deployed (Zhuge, 2008, Lian and Zhuge, 2010, Putman and Neptune, 2011, Sahdeo et al., 2021). Among all the methods, standard Proctor compaction produced the least variability of parameters including infiltration, density and porosity Putman and Neptune (2011). As per Zhuge (2008), rammer compaction is suitable for strong aggregate types to achieve dense packing, and hence to achieve high strengths. While vibration method resulted in choking of cement paste at the bottom layer for mixes with higher cement paste, static loading method of compaction produced higher degree of compaction at top layers and lower at the bottom Rao et al. (2020). Furthermore, researches have indicated that porosity and density of PC mixes, produced with standard Proctor rammer, were similar to that of field placed PC (Zhuge, 2008, Singh et al., 2020).
Compaction delay and its effect on the geotechnical properties of lime treated semi-arid soils
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2021
Arif Ali Baig Moghal, Mohammed Ashfaq, Ali Abdul Kareem Hamood Al-Obaid, Mohammad Farid Abbas, Ahmed Mohammed Al-Mahbashi, Abdullah Ali Shaker
Expansive soils are prone to rapid volume changes due to their expanding lattice structures with seasonal changes in moisture content. Stabilisation through chemical and mechanical techniques are widely adopted to mitigate the problems posed by expansive soils. Soil compaction is the process by which soil is mechanically compacted by pressing the soil particles together in a close state of contact thereby enhancing the soil properties (Lai et al., 2011; Prashanth et al., 1998). Compaction decreases compressibility, hydraulic conductivity and increases the strength properties of soil (Mitchell & Soga, 2005). In chemical stabilisation, the problematic soils are treated with suitable chemicals to induce mineralogical changes which enhance its geotechnical properties (Lees et al., 1982; Ola, 1978; Tonoz et al., 2004). In attempting chemical stabilisation, the soil is mixed thoroughly with stabilisers prior to compaction. Among the various additives, due to its ability to reduce the plasticity and the maximum dry density (MDD) of expansive soils, lime has been extensively used in various Civil Engineering works like the construction of embankments, highways and buildings (Al-Mahbashi et al., 2020; Bell, 1998; Croft, 1964; Cuisinier et al., 2011; Efsahani, 2020; Hussain & Dash, 2016; Ismeik & Shaqour, 2020; Lees et al., 1982; Moghal et al., 2018; Ola, 1978; Thompson, 1966; Tonoz et al., 2004).
Effects of waste tire textile fibres on geotechnical properties of compacted lime-stabilized low plastic clays
Published in International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021
Ali Akbar Habibi, Mehdi Fallah Tafti, Shayan Narani, Mohsen Abbaspour
The purpose of compaction is reducing the porosity and, therefore, improving the engineering behaviour of soils. Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD) are determined through Proctor compaction test. In this research, standard Proctor test as per ASTM D698-12e2 (2012) was performed on all mixtures. Each mixture was prepared in at least in five different water contents by the method described in Section 2.2. Then, they were poured into the compaction mould, in three layers. Each layer was compacted using a 2.5 kg hammer in 25 blows (fall height of 30.5 cm). The mould and compacted soil were then weighed and about 300 g of the soil (from top and bottom of the compacted soil) was died in the oven for 24 hours to determine the water content. After obtaining the dry density versus water content graph, the coordinates of the peak point of the compaction curve are reported as MDD and OMC. OMC and MDD conditions determined in this test for each mixture were used to prepare other test specimens in this study (i.e., direct shear, UCS and STS specimens). By using a constant energy as advised in ASTM D698-12e2 (2012), each mixture was compacted at its own OMC and MDD as determined through standard Proctor compaction test.