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Categories and types of flood adaptation measures applicable in the design of public spaces
Published in Maria Matos Silva, Public Spaces for Water, 2019
Cisterns are an ancient concept consisting on an impermeable container for storing liquids, generally harvested rainwater that can serve for later use. They can be built either below or above ground, or even on a roof. Today, some ancient cisterns have turned into public monuments, such as the case of the Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Saray) in Istanbul, Turkey. However, in the scope of this analysis, cisterns are understood as reservoirs of relatively small dimensions that store rainwater runoff from nearby areas. These storage chambers can be built with various materials in accordance with their specific implementation contexts, from concrete to plastic. They can be distinguished from underground regulation reservoirs for their dimensions and water basin coverage, as well as their specification to only receive rainwater. While detention basins and underground reservoirs are usually constructed to collect runoff from a wide area such as a housing estate or industrial area, cisterns are here understood as reservoirs that collect runoff from nearby adjacent areas of a block, namely streets, gardens, and planters, among others. Cisterns can also exist right below pavements, a recent technique that is often mentioned in the literature as “reservoir pavements.”
COLD WATER AND SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Published in Fred Hall, Roger Greeno, Building Services Handbook, 2011
Cisterns can be manufactured from galvanised mild steel (large nondomestic capacities), polypropylene or glass reinforced plastics. They must be well insulated and supported on adequate bearers to spread the concentrated load. Plastic cisterns will require uniform support on boarding over bearers. A dustproof cover is essential to prevent contamination. For be large well buildings, cisterns are accommodated and be in a purpose-made thermostatic
Urban and Area Source BMPs
Published in Roger D. Griffin, Principles of Stormwater Management, 2018
Cisterns are water storage structures. Because they are constructed the costs may be significant due to the value of land, excavation costs, and design and building of the cistern itself. They may incorporate infiltration capabilities but this may be limited due to the location and soils encountered in the subgrade. They do not treat the water, they only store collected water for further use or release.
A mixed-method examination of risk factors in the truck-to-cistern drinking water system on the Beardy’s and Okemasis First Nation Reserve, Saskatchewan
Published in Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 2018
Lori Bradford, Cheryl Waldner, Karlee McLaughlin, Rebecca Zagozewski, Lalita Bharadwaj
Cisterns are used extensively in Canada, on and off reserve, for private and public drinking water provision (Figure 1). A cistern is defined as a container used to store household potable water, intended for long-term storage for weeks to months, representing the final point at which potable water reaches the consumer (Agriculture AgriFood Canada [AAFC] 2006; Mohamed & Gad 2010; Baird, Summers, and Plummer 2013). Cisterns are growing in popularity in urban centers for rainwater collection, and may serve to ease drought pressures in areas under threat from climate change (Campisano et al., 2017), but in the rural and reserve sector, cisterns are used out of necessity (Baird, Summers, and Plummer 2013; Farenhorst et al. 2017). Rural dwellers are required to haul their own water, or pay to have their cistern water delivered from other private sources, municipally controlled and provincially managed treatment plants. First Nations reserve dwellers are dependent on their chiefs and council members for the delivery, and these councils face disparities in finding service providers to do the hauling, or local people to train, retain and serve the reserve.
Performance of rainwater tanks for runoff reduction under climate change scenarios: a case study in Brazil
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2020
Taís Maria Nunes Carvalho, Francisco De Assis de Souza Filho, Marcos Abílio Medeiros de Sabóia
Low impact development solutions have been widely used to adapt to climate variability but must be integrated with land use policies and strategies to engage the community. Rainwater harvesting works for stormwater control, but an impractical number of units must be implemented depending on the desired performance. Considering climate change scenarios based on RCP 4.5 and 8.5, a peak runoff reduction between 2.9% and 6.3% is expected if 40% of the buildings per block install a 5 m3 cistern. Although the reduction might seem a little low, in a long-term perspective it would enhance the lifespan of the drainage infrastructure. Cisterns have the additional benefit of storing water and reducing demand for public water supply.
Global occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental aquatic matrices and its implications for sanitation and vulnerabilities in Brazil and developing countries
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Gleyson B. Castro, Aline C. Bernegossi, Bruno José de O. Sousa, Mara R. De Lima E Silva, Fernando R. Da Silva, Bárbara Luíza S. Freitas, Allan P. Ogura, Juliano J. Corbi
Groundwater is usually used as a water source in arid regions (Foster and MacDonald 2014), along with other alternatives such as rainwater harvesting and distribution of drinking water. Rainwater cisterns usually collect water for potable and non-potable uses, but they are susceptible to contamination and need disinfection (Pelak and Porporato 2016; De Oliveira Moura et al. 2019; Rahaman et al. 2019). The distribution of drinking water in tanks is an alternative commonly used by state governments in Brazil in situations of severe droughts to reach distant areas (Vieira et al. 2020).