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Recovering oxides from construction waste as an alternative raw material for the production of cement clinker
Published in Zoltán Bartha, Tekla Szép, Katalin Lipták, Dóra Szendi, Entrepreneurship in the Raw Materials Sector, 2022
Katarzyna Styk, Olga Świniarska
This paper aims to present alternative sources for the production of cement clinker. To make a proper introduction to the following research section, it is necessary to present the definition of cement as well as the clinker itself. According to the technical definition, cement is a hydraulic binding material obtained from mineral resources (marl, limestone, clay) by firing and subsequent grinding of the resulting sinter [3]. Cement clinker, on the other hand, is the basic ingredient in the production of cement and is responsible for its setting. It is produced by firing ingredients (most commonly calcium carbonate, aluminosilicates and other admixtures) at high temperatures in a rotary kiln [9, 10]. There are three basic types of clinker in the cement production process: barium - they are obtained from raw materials containing calcium and barium carbonates and aluminum silicates,aluminum - they are obtained from bauxite and calcium or from bauxite and limestone,portland - for the production of Portland cement; they are obtained from raw materials containing mainly calcium carbonate and aluminosilicates.
The New Energy Reality
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Energy Security for The 21st Century, 2021
Globally, both cement production and steel production are indicators of national construction activity, with cement mainly used in building and road construction, and steel also in the construction of railways, other infrastructure, ships, and machinery. CO2 emissions are generated by carbonate oxidation in the cement clinker production process, the main constituent of cement and the largest of the non-combustion sources of CO2.
Effects of Ceramic Waste on Durability Performance of Traditional Concrete
Published in Kwok Wei Shah, Ghasan Fahim Huseien, Recycled Ceramics in Sustainable Concrete, 2020
Kwok Wei Shah, Ghasan Fahim Huseien
The manufacturing of Portland cement results in the release of an enormous amount of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, which, in turn, pollute the environment and are a significant contributing factor to climate change. To mitigate such negative environmental effects, alternative green construction materials have continuously been researched to improve sustainable development [1,2]. Worldwide, the majority of cement produced is consumed in the production of concrete and mortar. For each tonne of cement manufactured, approximately one tonne of greenhouse gases is released, which equates to a total of up to 8% of all greenhouse gases released worldwide [3]. The main part of these released greenhouse gases is the result of the high-temperature processing of cement clinker. Thus, continuing the production of cement at the current rate may cause irreversible damage to ecological systems worldwide unless alternative materials to produce cement are introduced [4,5].
Analysis of the Impact of Rdf Combustion on Cement Clinker Quality in a Superstoichio-Metric Oxy-Fuel Atmosphere by Cfd Simulations
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
Robin Streier, Ines Veckenstedt, Thomas Deck, Karl Lampe, Viktor Scherer
A schematic sketch of a standard non-oxy-fuel cement plant is shown in Figure 1. Cement clinker is produced from raw materials mainly limestone (≈80%) and clay (≈20%). These materials are mixed and ground to create raw meal, which is afterward heated up in vertically aligned cyclones. After the preheating section, a calciner converts the limestone to lime and CO2 in an endothermic calcination reaction (CaCO3 + heat ↔ CaO + CO2). In a next step, the calcined raw meal enters the rotary kiln, where it is transformed by various mineralogical reactions to the so-called cement clinker. Note that further on we denote the location where the raw material enters the kiln as “kiln inlet.” After reaching the kiln outlet, the clinker drops into a cooler. Inside the cooler, the clinker temperature is reduced and thermal energy is regained by preheating the secondary and tertiary combustion air (Habert et al. 2014).
Low carbon cement manufacturing in India by co-processing of alternative fuel and raw materials
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Rahul Baidya, Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Waste materials used for co-processing in a cement plant are known as AFRs (Baidya et al. 2017; Ziegler et al. 2006). AFRs are generally derived from industrial, municipal, agricultural, and hazardous wastes. AF used in cement industries can be both solid and liquid, and must have appropriate chemical contents (Chatziaras, Psomopoulos, and Themelis 2014). The substitution of fossil fuels by AF in the production of cement clinker is of great importance both for the cement producers and for society because it conserves fossil fuel reserves and, in the case of biogenic wastes, reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Chatziaras, Psomopoulos, and Themelis 2016). Some important properties of AFRs are required to be analyzed before they can be coprocessed in cement kiln. The properties which are looked upon include physical state of the fuel, toxicity, composition and ash content, volatility, calorific value, and moisture content.
Impact of supplementary cementitious materials on the hydration and strength properties of hydraulic road binders
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2022
Historically, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) had been widely used as a hydraulic binder for pavement materials improvement. However, the mining and manufacturing of cement contributes to approximately 5–8% of global man-made CO2 emissions. In particular, the production of cement clinker accounts for more than 50% of the total CO2 emissions in cement manufacturing (Feiz et al., 2015). Therefore, the reduction of cement clinker in the use of hydraulic binders has great research significance. In fact, the overwhelming majority of cements sold outside North America contains a proportion (5– 20% replacement of clinker) of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) (Juenger & Siddique, 2015; Scrivener et al., 2015).