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Published in Jeremiah Kipkulei Kiptala, Managing Basin Interdependencies in a Heterogeneous, Highly Utilized and Data Scarce River Basin in Semi-Arid Africa, 2020
When precipitation occurs over a landscape, not all of it infiltrates into the subsurface or becomes runoff. Part of it evaporates back to the atmosphere within the same day the rainfall takes place as interception. The interception consists of several components that include canopy interception, shallow soil interception or fast evaporation from temporary surface storage (Savenije, 2004). The interception is dependent on the land use and is modeled as a threshold value (D). The interception process typically has a daily time scale, although some work has been done to parameterize the interception threshold on a monthly timescale (De Groen and Savenije, 2006).
Simulation
Published in Slobodan P. Simonović, Managing Water Resources, 2012
The canopy interception rate is dependent on the canopy interception capacity, existing water in the canopy storage, and the availability of water from snowmelt and rainfall. Water loss in canopy storage is due to evaporation, which is assumed to depend on air temperature when intercepted water is available for evaporation. The water balance equation for the canopy storage and the interception rate can be
Impacts of combined and separate land cover and climate changes on hydrologic responses of Dhidhessa River basin, Ethiopia
Published in International Journal of River Basin Management, 2022
Gizachew Kabite Wedajo, Misgana Kebede Muleta, Berhan Gessesse Awoke
The increased surface runoff in the Dhidhessa River basin during the last 30 years primarily resulted from the increased agricultural land by 265% at the expense of declining bush and shrubland by 47% and forestland by 20%. In addition, increasing rainfall in the basin during the analysis period has also contributed to the increased surface runoff. Losses of natural vegetation could increase surface runoff by reducing infiltration, time of concentration, canopy interception, and evapotranspiration. Agricultural activities could disturb soil structure and reduce soil infiltration capacity resulting in a high volume of runoff production (Liu, 2016; Niu et al., 2015). Thus, we believe land cover changes coupled with increased rainfall have contributed to the increased surface runoff during the last three decades in the Dhidhessa River basin. Decrease infiltration also explains the decline in groundwater recharge during the study period. Vegetation cover influences groundwater recharge as it promotes infiltration and percolation by modifying soil structure and by slowing down the speed of surface flow. This finding agrees with Shawul et al. (2019) who reported strong correlations between vegetation cover and groundwater recharge.
Runoff retention characteristics of forested and deforested catchments: an analysis using a spatially lumped model
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2023
K S Sreejith, Prajith Varaparambil
A global projection of city population by 2030 is approximated as five billion (Elmqvist et al. 2013) in consequent with the 200% increase in urban land cover (LC) over levels present in 2000. It will reflect in the storm water movement substantially especially when the region is subjected to extreme weather events associated with global change (Voskamp and Van de Ven 2015; Green et al. 2016; Coville et al. 2020). However, development of green infrastructure in the context of rapid urbanization by promoting the forestation can alleviate the runoff through canopy interception and water intake (Berland et al. 2017; Hildebrandt 2020).