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Irrigation system and structures
Published in Mohammad Albaji, Introduction to Water Engineering, Hydrology, and Irrigation, 2022
Lining canals is also an effective way to control canal bottom and bank erosion. The materials mostly used for canal lining are concrete (in precast slabs or cast in place), brick or rock masonry and asphaltic concrete (a mixture of sand, gravel, and asphalt).
Rehabilitation of National Irrigation Systems
Published in Mona Liza Fortunado Delos Reyes, Modernisation Strategy for National Irrigation Systems in the Phlippines, 2017
Mona Liza Fortunado Delos Reyes
Lining of canals was the most frequent and most invested work, accounting for about 40–60% of the total rehabilitation expenses for each NIS (Figures 6.7 and 6.8). Canal lining materials used included class B concrete mix, concrete hollow blocks and grouted riprap. The first two types of lining materials were the most prevalently used in canal lining works for Sta. Maria RIS, while grouted riprap was most common in Balanac RIS. In most cases, the canal lining works were carried out on earthen canals of the three NIS. The few exceptions were the canal re-lining works in Balanac RIS.
Health Aspects of Using Reclaimed Water in Engineering Projects
Published in Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid, Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, 2020
Donald R. Rowe, Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid
The benefits that may be gained by canal lining can be summarized as follows: Water saving. Water may be saved, by canal lining, through a decrease in the rate of water seepage and a decrease in the conveyance losses.Structural protection. Canal lining offers structural protection against deformation and destruction of the canal embankments and side slopes.Reduction in maintenance work. The lining of the canal reduces the amount of maintenance work that has to be carried out and prevents canal scouring, deposition of silt, and the growth of vegetation.Land saving. Lining of a canal reduces the land required for the minor channels and drainage ditches.Cost benefits. The cost benefits that can be gained through canal lining is a reduction in the canal size as well as smaller secondary structures.More crop yield. Canal lining prevents water leakage, and the waterlogging of the soil, as well as the buildup of the salt content in the soil.Elimination of mosquito breeding zones. Lining deters the collection of standing water, and thus eliminates breeding places for the vectors.Removal of rooted plants. Lining of the canal and its proper maintenance are factors that help control aquatic vegetation. Eggs of vectors and mosquito larvae can not readily find secure shelter under such conditions.
Hydraulic modelling of irrigation canals for improved flow conditions in surface irrigation systems
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2023
Joshua Wanyama, Erion Bwambale
Canal lining can have a significant effect on conveyance efficiency. Canal lining involves covering the sides and bottom of the canal with a water-tight material, such as concrete or asphalt. This helps to reduce seepage and evaporation, which can significantly increase the conveyance efficiency of the canal. With less water lost to seepage and evaporation, more water can be conveyed to its destination. Additionally, lining canals can also help to improve water quality by reducing the amount of sediment and other pollutants that are transported in the water. This can help to reduce the need for frequent desilting, which can be costly and time-consuming. However, it is important to note that the benefits of canal lining must be balanced against the potential negative impacts on the environment and the overall sustainability of the canal network. For example, lining canals can reduce the amount of water available for downstream users and can impact the downstream ecosystem. Additionally, canal lining can be expensive and may not be feasible in certain areas due to the topography or the presence of underground water resources.
Estimation of seepage losses from cracked rigid canal liners using finite element modeling
Published in Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research, 2023
Doaa A. El-Molla, Mohamed G. Eltarabily
Currently, there is a worldwide interest in canal lining projects. For example, Egypt started a national project to rehabilitate and line irrigation canals, which complies with the Sustainable Development Strategy. The project’s main aim is to enhance the process of water management and distribution (Abd-Elaty et al. 2022). Canal lining preserves irrigation water and solves the problem of low water supply at the ends of the canals, consequently, increasing agricultural productivity (Amer et al. 2017). So many benefits can be acquired by canal lining, beyond decreasing the seepage losses, such as controlling water-logging issues, avoiding contaminants, diminishing weeds growth, enhancing the canal’s hydraulic efficiency, and reducing the risk of canal’s side slopes failure (Eltarabily and Negm 2015; Elkamhawy et al. 2021). Hence, the effect of canal lining on seepage control should be examined carefully considering all its aspects to evaluate the agricultural water use efficiency, manage the irrigation systems (Salmasi and Abraham 2020), and create effective irrigation plans (Han et al. 2020).
Evaluation of water delivery performance of right main canal of Bhimsagar medium irrigation scheme, Rajasthan
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2023
Jitendra Rajput, Mahesh Kothari, S R Bhakar, N L Kushwaha, P K Singh, Pradosh Kumar Paramaguru, Ashish Rai, Ahmed Elbeltagi, Lalita Rana
The main problems observed in the right main canal command area includes siltation in the minors, vegetation infestation, tampered/damaged pipe outlets, oversized pipe outlets that directs water supply from the minor to the field channels, cracks in the main canal as well as in the minor lining causing consideration amount of water lost as seepage among other issues. Farmers at the head reach draw ample water without considering the actual crop demand, resulting in lesser assured water availability to the tail reach farmers to irrigate the crops. Cracks in the canal lining were also found at several sites in the whole water distribution canal network, requiring maintenance to minimize water loss due to seepage through the cracks. The most of check gates were tempered or otherwise damaged. As a result, there is no control over the irrigation flow or control (opening or closing). The canal network’s pipe openings were tempered or oversized at several locations. Another prominent issue was that the head farmers reach block canals and prevent water from flowing downstream. This issue is particularly prevalent at night. Obstructions to impede canal flow and take more water into field channels were found at several points in all the selected minors. The number of canal sections was silted due to silt and debris build-up. Silt measurement in the minors showed that 25–30 cm minors height is silted at the bottom, resulting in the reduced carrying capacity, which led to overflowing of water and ponding in the low-lying places.