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Mare reservarum
Published in Glen Wright, Sandy Kerr, Kate Johnson, Ocean Energy, 2017
Sandy Kerr, Kate Johnson, John Colton, Glen Wright, Stephanie Weir
The second trend is the increasingly rapid development of maritime industries that are fixed in location. The owners of these businesses need a right to occupy sometimes in perpetuity and in all cases for a very long time. The industries include such activities as offshore oil platforms, aquaculture installations, offshore wind farms, seabed mining and ocean energy (OE). Advances in technology make their spread commercially viable, and many governments are promoting the development of the so-called Blue Economy, focused on creating jobs and economic growth while ensuring sustainability. Clearly such fixed infrastructure obstructs fisheries, shipping and the right to roam in varying degrees. In most cases, such industries obtain a right to occupy in the form of a seabed lease from their government. These are usually tradable, and again a market has developed in site licenses for aquaculture or energy installations. Quasi-private property rights at sea have therefore been created.
The five-node resource nexus at sea
Published in Raimund Bleischwitz, Holger Hoff, Catalina Spataru, Ester van der Voet, Stacy D. VanDeveer, Routledge Handbook of the Resource Nexus, 2017
The second major development in the marine resource nexus is the expansion of holistic and integrated approaches to management of uses at sea, made possible by marine spatial planning (Agardy, 2015). Through marine spatial planning, countries have great opportunities to integrate management of existing and emerging uses while at the same time ensuring that development does not undermine ecosystem health and productivity (Agardy, 2015). This is especially important as nations commit to the “blue economy”, and invest in industries that unlock the economic potential that rests in the myriad ocean uses. These are not only environmental concerns, but also social ones, for as countries ramp up their industrialized use of marine resources and ocean space, they may be denying access to coastal communities that depend on the very same marine resources and ocean space.
Introduction
Published in Peter B. Myles, Maritime Clusters and the Ocean Economy, 2017
This book investigates institutional arrangements such as maritime clusters that bring together the diverse ocean business community (shipping, fisheries, oil and gas, aquaculture, offshore renewable energy, tourism, marine technology, manufacturers, retailers, insurers, finance, etc.) to achieve the business benefits of collaboration in addressing shared marine environmental issues. Working groups such as the World Ocean Council (WOC) are developing practical solutions to a number of important marine issues, for example, marine spatial planning, marine invasive species, marine debris, ocean noise, marine mammal impacts, water pollution, improved ocean science, and ocean policy and governance. The UN Conference on Sustainable Development in June 2012 (Rio+20), perhaps more than any previous conference on sustainable development, highlighted support for the sustainable use and conservation of oceans to achieve a ‘blue economy’. A blue economy is one in which ocean ecosystems bring economic and social benefits that are efficient, equitable and sustainable. Used wisely, ocean resources can help address poverty, food security, sustainable livelihoods and conservation.
Application of cement-free media binder for the deep mixing method of CMD–SOIL
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2023
Jaehong Kim, Se-Gwan Seo, Seong-Jin Yoon, Dae-Sung Cho
Blue economy involves the sustainable use of marine resources in the form of food and energy, tourism, and facilitation of transport between countries and continents for economic growth (Fratila et al. 2021). Maritime transport is expected to decrease by 4.1% (as of 2020) owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, it is of high global economic value as it accounts for more than 80% of global trade with 11.08 billion tons of cargo (UNCTAD 2020). Particularly in South Korea, the external economy accounts for more than 80% of the total GDP, and the scale of international trade is increasing; evaluating the maritime logistics in south Korea is very important for sustainable economic growth and development (ADB 2021). Therefore, the smartization of logistics based on 5G and the development of specialized ports for each region are being promoted.
Blue economy investment and sustainability of Ghana’s territorial waters: an application of structural equation modelling
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2023
Michael Karikari Appiah, Elikplim Ameko, Theodora Akweley Asiamah, Rahmat Quaigrane Duker
Blue Economy (BE) encompasses sustainable use of marine resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods and employment, while maintaining the health of the marine ecosystem. According to the United Nations, more than three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their survival. BE is the use of marine resources in a sustainable manner to ensure economic growth, better living conditions and create employment opportunities as well as to ensure the health of marine ecosystem (World Bank 2013; Zhao, Guan, and Sun 2019; Li et al. 2021; Kedong et al. 2022; Xu and Gao 2022; Ozili 2022). This multifaceted concept is derived based on aspects of business, economics, the environment, shipping and maritime issues. BE fundamentally includes investment in the following marine energy, sea food, transportation, eco-tourism, source of medicine and flight recreation transport (Baker and Ricciardi 2014; Nthia 2021; Tettey 2019; Sabela-Rikhotso, van Niekerk, and Nemakonde 2022).
Linking climate change mitigation and adaptation through coastal green–gray infrastructure: a perspective
Published in Coastal Engineering Journal, 2021
Tomohiro Kuwae, Stephen Crooks
Nature-based or green–gray infrastructure, which combines conservation and restoration of ecosystems with the selective use of conventional engineering approaches, has the potential to deliver climate change resilience and adaptation benefits. Green–gray approaches blend strategic uses of “green” natural and working landscapes and other open spaces to conserve ecosystem functions and values with “gray” human-engineered technology. The utilization of coastal green (also termed “blue” or “natural”) infrastructure is attracting increasing attention from a policy perspective (Sutton-Grier, Wowk, and Bamford 2015; World Bank 2017). Shallow coastal ecosystems (e.g. mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows), which play important roles in the global carbon cycle and as a natural defense against external climate factors (e.g. sea level rise and storm surges), are good examples of green–gray infrastructure (Pethick and Crooks 2000; Nellemann et al. 2009; Gedan et al. 2011; Temmerman et al. 2013; Ferrario et al. 2014; Alongi 2018; Vegh et al. 2019). Furthermore, blue carbon ecosystems are important components of a “blue economy”, which refers to the sustainable use of marine resources as a means of promoting economic growth (Golden et al. 2017; Hoegh-Guldberg, Northrop, and Lubchenco 2019a; Friends of Ocean Action 2020). However, before shallow coastal ecosystems can be widely incorporated into coastal infrastructure planning, the coastal engineers tasked with protecting coastal communities need performance evaluations (Colgan, Beck, and Narayan 2017).