China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Aquifer Restoration and Monitoring
Published in Mohammad Karamouz, Azadeh Ahmadi, Masih Akhbari, Groundwater Hydrology, 2020
Mohammad Karamouz, Azadeh Ahmadi, Masih Akhbari
Dry wells are usually susceptible to more direct passage of contaminants to groundwater aquifers, as the recharge water is not infiltrated and filtered through the unsaturated zone (Edwards et al., 2016). On the other hand, bioretention basins and vegetated swales provide water treatment opportunities. Therefore, these measures are usually combined with other decentralized means such as dry wells, cisterns, or infiltration basins (Department of Environmental Resources, 2000). Figure 9.20 depicts the general design of a dry well combined with a grass swale and sedimentation chamber. They remove high levels of metals and nitrogen, and to some extent, reduce other contaminants such as suspended solids, phosphorus, salts, and pathogens. Bioretention systems use vegetation, e.g., shrubs or trees, to treat contaminated water by physical, chemical, and biological processes (Dietz, 2007). While being similar to bioretention basins, vegetated swales, also called bioswales, have a smaller capacity to capture stormwater. They have a shallower topographic profile and use grass instead of diverse vegetation. Aside from water treatment potentials, other primary benefits of these measures include: slowing stormwater runoff, removing pollutants, and settling out suspended solids (Dietz and Clausen, 2005).
Applying Technology to Sustainability, Part I
Published in Julie Kerr, Introduction to Energy and Climate, 2017
At the urban level, urban forestry and other green approaches are critical for reducing energy usage costs, managing stormwater runoff, and creating clean, temperate air. Transportation networks can be made green with the addition of artful bioretention systems. A bioretention system is a system that manages stormwater through the use of filtration that is modeled after the biological and physical characteristics of an upland terrestrial forest or meadow ecosystem. They use vegetation, such as trees, shrubs, and grasses, to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff. Sources of runoff are diverted into bioretention systems directly as overland flow or through a stormwater drainage system. They can also be constructed directly in a drainage channel or swale.
Design of infiltration basin
Published in James C. Y. Guo, Urban Flood Mitigation and Stormwater Management, 2017
A roof drain basin (Figure 18.3) is a common practice as an upstream runoff source control device that collects roof runoff and spreads the stored water onto grass areas. On the other hand, a bioretention system (shown in Figure 18.3) is often installed at the downstream outfall point for continuous groundwater recharge through its permanent pool. On top of the permanent pool, a surcharged detention volume may be added for the purpose of flood mitigation. If the water pool is sustainable by the local runoff or groundwater table, wetland vegetation may healthily grow around the wet pool. Therefore, a bioretention pond is operated for multiple benefits, including stormwater disposal, water quality enhancement, and peak flow reduction for flood mitigation.
Removal characteristics of heavy metal ions in rainwater runoff by bioretention cell modified with biochar
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Jiaqing Xiong, Guohao Li, Junguo Zhu, Jianqiang Li, Yuan Yang, Shengxia An, Chengkui Liu
Social development and urbanization have resulted in urban waterlogging and stormwater pollution, with traditional urban drainage systems increasingly becoming unable to cope with heavy rainfall events. Some stormwater strategy systems have been developed, such as water sensitive urban design (WSUD), green infrastructure (GI), low-impact development (LID), and best management practices (BMPs) [4–6]. Bioretention is a LID strategy commonly applied worldwide, typically consisting of several kinds of vegetation, filter media, storage, and optional underground drainage system [7]. Bioretention systems can effectively control runoff, while also reducing runoff pollutant concentrations through chemical, physical, and microbial actions [8]. Bioretention allows the retention of heavy metals through adsorption by the filler and the formation of complexes, reducing the concentration of heavy metals in the effluent [9,10]. Therefore, bioretention is a convenient and economical method for the removal of heavy metals from stormwater runoff, which can effectively adapt to the randomness and uncontrollability of non-point source pollution [11].
Physical and hydraulic properties of bioretention substrate using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) modified zeolite
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Yifeng Qin, Mingsheng Chen, Yunqing Fang, Xudong Li, Jin Wang, Jiangping Qiu
Rapid urbanisation process has adverse effects on urban hydrology, including increased runoff magnitude and frequency, decreased infiltration and underground water recharge, which would cause ecological degradation of urban streams and negative impact on the urban ecosystem [1–4]. Moreover, with the increased runoff from the urban area, more pollutants such as organic and inorganic matters, heavy metal, and pharmaceutical compounds would be scoured into urban streams, which would cause deterioration of water quality and threaten human health [3, 5–7]. To address these issues, integrated water management approaches such as low impact development (LID), water sensitive urban design (WSUD), and best management practices (BMPs) have been adopted as response to the urban hydrology problems [8–10]. Bioretention has been recognised as an effective stormwater management practice that suffices the needs of these approaches. By using soils and other porous materials as the substrate media to promoting infiltration and evapotranspiration of stormwater, bioretention systems bring the hydrological condition closer to the predevelopment status [9,11], and it also improves stormwater quality [12–15].
Bioretention performance: a review of field studies
Published in Australasian Journal of Water Resources, 2021
Bioretention systems are widely used in urban stormwater management to improve stormwater quality, benefitting from the use of soil and plants to attenuate flows and filter polluted runoff from the stormwater through physical, biological and chemical processes (Hoban 2019). These systems retain water during an event and facilitate treatment, and provide primary and secondary treatment of stormwater because the filter media and vegetation that grows in it absorbs pollutants, improving the element’s effectiveness. Bioretention basins are among the most commonly used stormwater quality improvement measures (Mangangka et al. 2015). Bioretention systems are often recognised for their stormwater filtration properties, but rarely for their volume retention or flow attenuation properties.