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Suspended Floors
Published in Roy Chudley, Roger Greeno, Karl Kovac, Chudley and Greeno’s Building Construction Handbook, 2020
Roy Chudley, Roger Greeno, Karl Kovac
Suspended floors transfer their dead and live loads to the building structure and not directly to the ground. Two types of suspended ground floors are common in domestic construction; timber joist and beam and block. All floors above ground level are suspended floors.
Insulation materials
Published in Arthur Lyons, Materials for Architects and Builders, 2019
In cavity wall insulation, a 50 mm cavity may be retained to prevent the risk of water penetration, with proprietary wall ties fixing the boards against the inner leaf. Alternatively, with a fully filled cavity system, the boards may be slightly moulded on the outer surface to shed any water back onto the inside of the external masonry leaf. Interlocking joints prevent cold bridging, air leakage and water penetration at the board joints. In upgrading existing walls (Fig. 13.5), external expanded polystyrene insulation should be protected by suitably supported rendering, tile hanging or brick slips. Clay, concrete or acrylic brick slips may be mounted on steel panels or mesh and may be pointed or mortarless. Weatherproof rendering should tolerate thermal and moisture movement and be frost-resistant to minimise maintenance. For internal wall insulation, expanded polystyrene can be used in conjunction with 12.5 mm plasterboard, either separately or as a laminate. Expanded polystyrene (Type EPS T) is used to give thermal insulation in ground floors. It may be laid below or above the oversite slab; in the latter case, it may be screeded or finished with chipboard. Composite floor panels manufactured from expanded polystyrene and oriented strand board are suitable for beam and block floors, while proprietary systems offer thermal insulation to prestressed concrete beam and reinforced concrete screed floors. Expanded polystyrene boards reduce impact and airborne sound transmission through intermediate floors.
Structures
Published in Jonathan Hetreed, Ann Ross, Charlotte Baden-Powell, Architect's Pocket Book, 2017
Jonathan Hetreed, Ann Ross, Charlotte Baden-Powell
There are two main types of precast concrete floor, wideslab (sometimes known as hollowcore) and beam and block: Wideslab floors are precast slabs 1 200 mm wide with hollow cores (150 thick slab minimum). The depth of unit can vary from 100–450 mm, depending on span and loading.Beam and block floors are inverted T sections, 150–225 deep, with concrete blocks spanning between units. The blocks can span short or long direction (or alternate), depending on span and loading. Multiple beams are sometimes required under partitions.
Research on prevent failure and key technologies to install jib of large floating crane
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022
Yunfeng Shu, Jinying Zhang, Wanpeng Xie, Gang Yang, Tianbo Ding, Mao Hu
The newly lifting system of gantry crane is mainly composed of three main lifting hooks, two hooks on the upper trolley and one hook on the lower trolley. It is almost impossible for the gantry crane to directly lift the jib weighing up to nearly 1000 tons without the assistance of reasonable suspensory rigging. The main difficulties are the unequal distribution of forces among different steel wire ropes in multi-lifting point hoisting and the demand for dynamically inclined hoisting in the process of piercing shaft for jib hinge (Bai, Gao, and Xue 2015; Wu and Zhang 2002). Therefore, a balanced beam type pulley block suspensory rigging is developed to greatly improve the lifting capacity of gantry crane and solve the lifting problems. The lifting load of three main hooks is dispersed to multiple lifting points by means of the suspensory rigging to expend the coverage of lifting points, which can not only ensure the safety and stability of the lifting process but also avoid the adverse impact of concentration load due to few lifting points on the jib structure. The schematic diagram of the hoisting principle is shown in Figure 2. Through the adjustment of force distribution by the balanced beam pulley block of the suspensory rigging, the force of each node on the jib and corresponding sling in the dynamic hoisting process are basically stable and the safety of hoisting can also be ensured.
Combining seismic retrofit with energy refurbishment for the sustainable renovation of RC buildings: a proof of concept
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Alessandra Marini, Chiara Passoni, Andrea Belleri, Francesca Feroldi, Marco Preti, Giovanni Metelli, Paolo Riva, Ezio Giuriani, Giovanni Plizzari
The actual in-plane resistance of existing floors is the topic of an ongoing research. The preliminary numerical and experimental results (Feroldi, 2014; Passoni, 2016) showed that, in low to medium seismicity zones, the existing composite brick-RC slabs perform like in-plane rigid diaphragms by developing an arch-and-tie system within the thickness of the floor, which collects and transfers the seismic action to the seismic resisting walls. The main failure mechanisms governing the in-plane ultimate response of the beam and block floor systems were analysed, and the strength of the brick-to-RC joist interface was acknowledged as determining the floor capacity (see Appendix 1).
Full-Scale Model Experimental Study of the HDPE Multitube Saddle of an Extradosed Bridge
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2022
Jie Li, Dayu Yang, Yuanhong Hu, Tengda Feng, Lizhou Xie
In the test of the friction coefficient between the saddle strand and the HDPE tube, seven representative single strands are selected to test, and then the whole cable of 34 strands is tested. Whether the cable slips or not is determined by the sensor at the back end of the reaction beam ear block and the dial gauges mounted on the saddle model of the main pylon (Fig. 6).