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Hidden in the mix: How a regionally specific aggregate affected St. Louis Missouri's built environment
Published in João Mascarenhas-Mateus, Ana Paula Pires, Manuel Marques Caiado, Ivo Veiga, History of Construction Cultures, 2021
The benefits of using fly ash included improvement to workability, decreased need for water, and decreases in heat output during hydration (US DoT, 2017). In 1940, Thomas Stanton, from the California State Division of Highways, published that using pozzolans in concrete diminished alkali silica reactivity with deleterious aggregate such as chert. “The potential for using pozzolans to control damaging ASR was demonstrated by Stanton (1940) in his landmark paper that first revealed the phenomenon of alkali-silica reaction to the concrete community… Ten years after Stanton’s (1940) discovery of ASR the potential for using fly ash and slag for controlling expansion was first documented, and it is now widely accepted that supplementary cementing materials are an effective means for controlling ASR expansion provided they are used at a sufficient level of replacement” (Thomas et al. 2013, p. 4–5). Thus, a prevalent byproduct of the industrial revolution was able to offset the negative effects of a gravel which was equally prevalent and deleterious. The unlikely case of two wrongs making a right, or at least an acceptable situation, has allowed Winter Bros. and Simpson Materials to continue supplying Meramec gravel for concrete aggregate needs across the region.
A study on ASR expansion behavior of concrete exposed to natural environment for 5 years: Experimental and numerical approaches
Published in Hiroshi Yokota, Dan M. Frangopol, Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations, 2021
T. Kawakami, Y. Sagawa, Y. Kawabata, K. Yamada, S. Ogawa
Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is one of the deterioration mechanisms that cause cracks in concrete and affect the durability of structures. Since the degree of deterioration by ASR is directly related to the expansion of concrete in the environment of service, it is important to predict the expansion behavior so the risk of ASR can be estimated quantitatively in advance.
Modeling of the coupling between moisture and alkali-silica reaction in concrete
Published in Günther Meschke, René de Borst, Herbert Mang, Nenad Bićanić, Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures, 2020
J.F. Seignol, T.T. Ngo, F. Toutlemonde
Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a pathology affecting some concrete structure and consisting in a reaction between cement alkali and some kind of silica contained in aggregates, which leads to swelling of the material. An affected structure might present several disorders: serviceability reduced by excessive strains or displacements, re-arrangement of the stress field in the concrete, excessive tensile stresses in the rebars caused by restrained swelling, significant cracking reducing reinforcement durability, and so forth.
A review on recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) characteristics to promote RCA utilization in developing sustainable recycled aggregate concrete (RAC)
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Aamar Danish, Mohammad Ali Mosaberpanah
When unstable silica in aggregates chemically react with alkali hydroxides in cement in concrete, alkali–silica gel forms which leads to concrete expansion and cracking known as alkali–silica reaction (ASR) (Shehata et al., 2010). Due to more complex microstructure and characteristics of the interface of RAC, it is very difficult to understand RAC’s ASR mechanism. In case of incorporating reactive RCA, some precautionary measures should be taken care of; (i) incorporating cement with low alkali hydroxide, (ii) using mineral admixtures, (iii) controlling concrete’s alkali content and (iv) maintaining RCA’s water absorption capacity.
Risk of ASR in coating mortars incorporating glass aggregates and a Portland–limestone cement
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2019
Paulo Penacho, Jorge de Brito, A. Santos Silva, M. Rosário Veiga
The studies on glass report surprising findings for physical and mechanical characteristics and behaviour (Penacho et al., 2014), even in comparison with other waste materials (Neno et al., 2014; Pedro et al., 2013; Silva et al., 2010). But when used as aggregate to make cementitious mortars there is another concern, the alkali–silica reaction (ASR). This is an expansive reaction that only occurs when three basic conditions are in place: reactive silica is present; alkalinity is high; and there is water or moisture in contact with the element.
Durability of concrete with nano-particles under combined action of carbonation and alkali silica reaction
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2019
Maohua Zhang, Wenyue Zhang, Yanyu Sun
Alkali silica reaction (ASR) refers to the chemical reaction of alkali and active silica to generate expansive substances (or absorbent expansive substances), resulting in the formation of cracks in concrete due to swelling stress. Besides deteriorating the integrity of concrete, the cracks caused by ASR will also accelerate other corrosion. During the past decades, ASR has caused serious economic loss around the world (Dähn et al. 2016).