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Construction, demolition and DWM in the future
Published in Erik K. Lauritzen, Construction, Demolition and Disaster Waste Management, 2018
3D-printed concrete should be considered as an additional technology for special and complex-shaped concrete structures. The expected disruptive impact on the construction industry, as mentioned by the WEF (WEF 2016), is questionable and hardly realistic for some time to come. With respect to future management of concrete waste and recycling, it is not expected that 3D printing will play a role of importance. However, it should be mentioned that the 0–4 mm fines from crushing concrete could be used for 3D-concrete printing, substituting for natural sand materials.
Computational modelling of material behaviour of layered 3D printed concrete
Published in Günther Meschke, Bernhard Pichler, Jan G. Rots, Computational Modelling of Concrete and Concrete Structures, 2022
O. Shkundalova, T. Molkens, M. Classen, B. Rossi
To ensure safe design, stability and durability over the intended service life of the structures, a more thorough investigation into the modelling of 3D printed concrete behaviour is needed. Facing the actual tools used by design engineers, the complex material behaviour should by preference be translated in a straightforward way into more commercial numerical tools as the ones based on the finite element method.
Top challenges to widespread 3D concrete printing (3DCP) adoption – A review
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2023
P.S. Ambily, Senthil Kumar Kaliyavaradhan, Neeraja Rajendran
The construction sector is one of the most important industries globally, with yearly revenues of about 6% of the global GDP (Gerbert et al., 2016). Past few decades, many breakthroughs happened in the construction business, and 3D printing is one of the most recent technological advancements in construction. Charles W. Hull developed the first 3D printer in 1984, and since then, it has been used in various industries (Gerbert et al., 2016). The term ‘3D printing’ is defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as ‘the fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle or another printer technology’ (ASTM F2792-12a, 2012). The method of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) is depicted in Figure 1. In this process, a 3D model of an object is created using CAD software, then sliced and a G-code is generated to move the print head for concrete extrusion. The print head movement and the concrete discharge through the nozzle are computer-controlled. Without formwork, extruded concrete supports itself, maintains its structure and bonds with succeeding layers. In other words, concrete that may be layer by layer deposited using a 3D printer without formwork or vibration is known as 3D printed concrete (Kaliyavaradhan et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2019). Building components can be printed on-site or printed as prefabricated elements and assembled at the site (hybrid construction). Some examples of 3D-printed concrete structures are shown in Figure 2.
3D-printed concrete: applications, performance, and challenges
Published in Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 2020
Ayesha Siddika, Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, Wahid Ferdous, Ashish Kumer Saha, Rayed Alyousef
Several technologies have been developed for 3DP, and fused deposition and powder bed fusion are the most commonly used methods in the construction sector [6–8]. The most revolutionary use of this technology in concrete construction began in 2014; before this time, inventions of different parts and technologies were still under development, and only a few projects were completed [9]. The development of increasing numbers of 3DP projects in the construction industry was presented by Buswell et al. [9] and is shown in Figure 1. This revolutionary development of printing projects is expected to increase rapidly because of the unique characteristics of 3DP. The AM technique is considered the most suitable method for construction because of its high recycling rate, and low waste production, and less materials consumption [2,10,11]. The cost sustainability of 3D-printed concrete (3DPC) structures is still under research. A study reported that the cost for printing a house with an area of approximately 200 m2 is around $4800, which is realistically more economical than the costs of traditionally constructed structures in China [12].