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3D printing for sustainable construction
Published in Paulo Jorge da Silva Bartolo, Fernando Moreira da Silva, Shaden Jaradat, Helena Bartolo, Industry 4.0 – Shaping The Future of The Digital World, 2020
Y.W.D. Tay, B.N. Panda, G.H.A. Ting, N.M.N. Ahamed, M.J. Tan, C.K. Chua
Beyond economical and architectural benefits, 3D concrete printing can be used to reduce the environmental footprint of the industry. The increased level of control offered by 3DCP enables the use of the advanced computational algorithm to reduce the density of the structure by creating a lattice structure. These optimized structures (See Figure 7) not only reduce the overall weight but also improve the use of resources effectively. In addition, it can incorporate structural members such as rebar, pre-stressing cable to produce structural concrete (Lim et al. 2018). 3D printed pedestrian bridge (Salet et al. 2018) is one of the recent examples, where the printed structure was post-tensioned after assembling the individual 3D printed sections.
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Published in Harish Kumar Banga, Rajesh Kumar, Parveen Kalra, Rajendra M. Belokar, Additive Manufacturing with Medical Applications, 2023
The construction industry benefits from 3D concrete printing in terms of accuracy, optimising construction time, flexible design and customisation, cost, immediacy, error reduction, resource-saving, the applicability to extreme conditions as well as being environmentally friendly (Luo, Ma, & Yin, 2020; Malaeb, AlSakka, & Hamzeh, 2019).
Overview of 3D construction printing and future perspectives: a review of technology, companies and research progression
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2022
Stelladriana Volpe, Valentino Sangiorgio, Francesco Fiorito, Humberto Varum
The use of 3D concrete printing for mass-market housing is becoming a reality. As an example, the company ICON has developed 3D-printed houses for sale in Austin, Texas. Indeed, the ground floors of the East 17th St Residences are printed using a material jetting technology to provide safer dwellings, better equipped for withstanding hazards and natural disasters. The second level of each house is finished with conventional construction methods (“Icon” 2021). Zivkovic and Lok have recently designed and developed Ashes Cabin, a small building comprising a 3D-printed concrete substructure. The substructure is constituted of 3D-printed legs, which allow the adjustment of the building to the sloping terrain. Therefore, this technology demonstrates all the architectural and tectonic potentials in developing components fabricated with a self-built large-scale 3D printer (Sasa and Lok 2020).
Robotic additive manufacturing (RAM) with clay using topology optimization principles for toolpath planning: the example of a building element
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2020
Odysseas Kontovourkis, George Tryfonos, Christos Georgiou
The work by (Wu et al. 2018) noted slow adoption in the construction industry and examined the possibility for effective and further improvement in this economical sector based on information derived from the Australian construction industry. In this context, reference to the following factors were included: technology readiness, the efficiency of 3D printing, organizational support and policy and finally regulator considerations (Wu et al. 2018). Thus, a series of actions are necessary for the effective adoption and application of AM technology in the construction industry through a robust and comprehensive investigation of its potential to be implemented based on real case scenarios. Also, it is necessary to develop standards governing its use because nowadays this area seems to be fragmented, unconsolidated and discontinuous. Moreover, there is a lack of comprehensive application frameworks that can be improved towards open source and custom platforms, promoting in parallel the integration of design and fabrication approaches (Kontovourkis and Tryfonos 2018). In the work by (Buswell et al. 2018), a set of technical issues for exploring large-scale 3D printing using a cement-based mortar were listed. These were summarized as: the properties of wet materials used in 3D concrete printing before solidification, the hardened properties of 3D concrete printing materials and the achieving of geometric compliance (Buswell et al. 2018). It is obvious that the above cannot be irrelevant to the selection of machinery used for the construction procedure, since the capabilities and constraints of the mechanisms are directly correlated with other factors of the process like buildability and constructability of the materials as well as their capabilities to produce complex morphologies. On top of these, due to the rare adoption in the conventional construction industry, other issues that need to be addressed are related to the cost-benefit ratio, its effectiveness and the ecology of material used.