China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hazardous Materials—An Overview
Published in Gerald L. Schneberger, Adhesives in Manufacturing, 2018
A hazardous material is one that can cause injury or harm. Since potential hazard is inherent in all materials, some degree of risk will exist in their use. You can drown in water. Although hydrocarbons are useful as solvents, chemicals, and fuels, they are always a fire and explosion hazard. Although zinc compounds are necessary in the enzymes of the human body, they are toxic when excessively inhaled or ingested. Although poly vinyl chloride (PVC) is a highly useful plastic, epidemiological evidence has shown that long exposure at high levels to the vinyl chloride monomer from which it is made can result in rare angiosarcoma of the liver in 20 years. Obviously, hazards vary in ease of detection and control, but any material which is used without suitable precautions can become an “unreasonable risk” to health, safety, property, or the environment.
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Zinc is one of the most common elements in the earth’s crust. Metal zinc was first produced in India and China during the middle ages. Industrially important compounds of zinc are zinc chloride (ZnCl2), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc stearate (Zn(C16H35O2)2), and zinc sul-fide (Sphalerite, ZnS) found in hazardous waste sites. It is found in air, soil, and water, and is present in all foods. Pure zinc is a bluish-white shiny metal. Zinc has many commercial uses as coatings to prevent rust, in dry-cell batteries, and mixed with other metals to make alloys like brass and bronze. Zinc combines with other elements to form zinc compounds. Zinc compounds are widely used in industry to make paint, rubber, dye, wood preservatives, and ointments.
Resources and Sustainable Materials
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
The most important zinc compound is zinc oxide, ZnO. Formerly widely used as a paint pigment, this white substance is now employed as an accelerating and activating agent for hardening rubber products, particularly tires. The other two major compounds of zinc employed commercially are zinc chloride used in dry cells, as a disinfectant, and to vulcanize rubber, and zinc sulfate, used in zinc electroplating baths.
Three new zinc(II) complexes: design, synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Gong Li, Qiao Zhang, Shuang Yang, Mengdi Zhu, Yuejiao Fu, Ziheng Liu, Na Xing, Lei Shi
Among zinc compounds, zinc complexes have often been synthesized and discussed as C-H oxidation catalysts. Shixaliyev et al. synthesized Zn[NHC(CCl3)NC-–(CCl3)NH]2 with Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, NH4OH and trichloroacetonitrile and applied it in the Henry reaction with H2O2 for 24 h [16]. The product yield reached 98.7% with acetaldehyde as substrate. Zou et al. synthesized [(CH3)2NH2][Zn2(HCOO)2-(MnIII-TCPP)]·5DMF·2H2O (H6TCPP = tetrakis(4-carboxyp-henyl)porphyrin) using MnCl-H4TCPP, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and DMF/AcOH as starting materials [17]. Jadav et al. synthesized a tetranuclear zinc complex, [Zn4(L)2(LH)2((CH3)2SO)2]·2CH3OH·(CH3)2S–O·H2O(LH3=3-(E)-(2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethylphenyl), and incorporated it into a MCM-48 mesoporous silica material to form a Zn composite modified material [18]. The morpholine conversion can reach up to 95% at 70 °C in 6 h when catalyzed by this complex (20 mg).
Preparation of bulk doped NiCo2O4 bimetallic oxide supercapacitor materials by in situ growth method
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Ling Li, Baozhong Liu, Shaogang Hou, Qiming Yang, Zichuang Zhu
Because the introduction of another metal element into the single metal active material can regulate the surface reaction, which can largely improve the utilization rate of pseudocapacitor material, bimetallic compounds are more and more used in the recent preparation of supercapacitor electrodes. The common bimetallic compounds are: iron manganese compounds, nickel zinc compounds, cobalt zinc compounds, cobalt copper compounds, cobalt molybdenum compounds, and nickel cobalt compounds. Among them, cobalt nickel compounds are the most common because of their high capacitance, low price, and low requirement for preparation. Therefore, compared with other bimetallic compounds, nickel cobalt bimetallic compounds are more suitable for supercapacitor active electrode materials. Transition metal oxides can be used not only in supercapacitors, but also in batteries.[26–28]. Among the Ni-Co bimetallic compounds, NiCo2O4 has become the key research object in the field of materials because of its easy preparation, low cost, and environmental friendliness.[29–31] The electrode made of NiCo2O4 has the characteristics of long cycle life, stable chemical properties, many oxidation states, and high electrochemical activity, so it has broad prospects. However, NiCo2O4 also has some disadvantages like small specific surface area, low utilization of active substances, poor conductivity, and poor cycle stability. Therefore, it is necessary to modify NiCo2O4 with other materials.
Synthesis, crystal structures and urease inhibition of copper, nickel and zinc complexes derived from 4-chloro-2-((pyridin-2-ylmethylene)amino)phenol
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Jing Ji, Shiyi Wang, Jie Zhao, Ting Yang, Jiaqi Wang, Zhonglu You
The molecular structures for 3 and 4 are shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. The two complexes are isostructural mononuclear nickel and zinc compounds. The main difference between the molecular structures of the complexes is the central metal ions, viz. Ni for 3 and Zn for 4. The metal ions in the complexes are coordinated by the pyridine N, imino N and phenolate O atoms from two Schiff base ligands, forming octahedral coordination. The bond distances of the Ni-O bonds in 3 and the Zn-O bonds in 4 are similar, but the Ni-N bonds in 3 are shorter than those in 4. The Ni-O, Ni-Nimine and Ni-Npyridine bond lengths of 2.065(3)–2.087(3) Å, 2.018(3)–2.021(3) Å and 2.127(3)–2.141(3) Å for 3 are comparable to the values observed in the nickel(II) complexes with octahedral coordination of similar Schiff base ligands [44, 45]. The coordinate bond lengths of 4 are comparable to those observed for octahedral zinc complexes with Schiff base ligands [42, 43]. The Schiff base ligands adopt nearly planar structures (rms deviations 0.0568 and 0.0174 Å for 3 and 0.0476 and 0.0289 Å for 4), with the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings being 6.2(3)° and 0.7(3)° (3) and 5.6(3)° and 1.8(3)° (4). The distortion of the octahedral coordination can be observed by the cis and trans bond angles, ranging from 77.84(13) to 105.09(12)° and from 157.46(12) to 174.91(13)° for 3, and from 73.74(9) to 114.29(8)° and from 151.77(9) to 165.77(9)° for 4.