China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Clinical Toxicology of Copper
Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020
Sonal Sekhar Miraj, Mahadev Rao
The major application of Cu is as a metal or its alloy (as bronze, brass, etc.), particularly in industry. Maximum Cu metal products are recycled. Cu has numerous commercial applications due to its versatility. Cu is used to produce electrical appliances such as electrical wires, pipes, valves, fittings; and coins, cooking utensils, and materials for buildings. Additionally, it also used in various machinery, weapons, and coatings. Cu is used for electroplating, azo dye preparation, engraving, lithography, petroleum refinery, mineral froth flotation, and pyrotechnics. Cu is a vital component of white gold as well as new alloys using for ornaments. Agricultural uses include fungicides, algaecides, insecticides, and wood preservatives, mainly accounted for copper sulfate. Cu compounds can be added to fertilizers and animal feeds as a nutritional supplement to promote the growth of plants and animals (Landner and Lindestrom 1999). Copper sulfate pentahydrate is sometimes added to surface water for the control of algae (NSF 2000).
Zinc as an Alloying Element
Published in Frank Porter, Zinc Handbook, 1991
Zinc at 2−12% is important in the white golds and white gold solders, nickel, copper and/or silver also being major alloying elements.
Three-dimensional duck’s feet collagen/PLGA scaffold for chondrification: role of pore size and porosity
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Jeong Eun Song, Nirmalya Tripathy, Se Rom Cha, Sung Hyun Jeon, Soon Yong Kwon, Dong Sam Suh, Gilson Khang
To observe the cell adhesion and morphology of costal chondrocyte on 80 wt% DC/PLGA scaffolds, SEM analysis was performed by Bio-LV SEM (SN-3000 Hitachi, Japan). Costal chondrocyte seeded scaffolds (1 × 105 cells/scaffold) and cultured for 7, and 28 days in vitro. Before cell seeding, all scaffolds were sterilized in 70% ethyl alcohol for 30 min followed by 3 times rinsing in PBS solution for 5 min each time. The samples were stabilized with 2.5% v/v glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, USA) in distilled water at 4 °C for 24 h and were dehydrated with ethanol series (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100% for 30 min) and then dried. Adhered cells and scaffolds were overlaid with white gold using a plasma sputter (Emscope SC500 K, UK) under argon gas.
Lifecycle of palladium in Japan: for setting clearance levels of 107Pd
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2018
Tomoyuki Takahashi, Kayoko Iwata, Sota Tanaka, Naoki Takashima, Tomoyuki Ikawa, Sentaro Takahashi
The Pd demand for jewellery and ornaments (rings, necklaces) is not very large compared with other usages; it decreased from 1.7 t in 2006 to 0.5 t in 2015 in Japan [1]. Palladium is used as part of an alloy with gold to change the colour (white gold) and as an additional metal for platinum in jewellery, ornaments, and coinage. Due to the increase in Pd prices, a lower proportion of Pd is used; therefore, the total global demand is decreasing. There are no statistics on the amount of recycling, personal storage, and disposal.