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Water Systems: Distribution, Components And Terminology
Published in Samuel C. Sugarman, Testing and Balancing HVAC Air and Water Systems, 2020
Air separators free the air entrained in the water in a hydronic system. There are several types of air separators. The centrifugal type of air separator works on the action of centrifugal force and low velocity separation. The centrifugal motion of the water circulating through the air separator creates a vortex or whirlpool in the center of the tank and sends heavier, air-free water to the outer part of the tank and allows the lighter air-water mixture to move to a low velocity air separation and collecting screen located in the vortex. The entrained air, being lighter, collects and rises into the compression tank. The boiler dip tube type of air separator is a tube in the top or top side of the boiler. When the water is heated, air is released and collects at a high point in the boiler. The dip tube allows this collected air to rise into the compression tank. The in-line, low velocity air separating tank with dip tube type of air separator is used when a boiler isn’t available or not useable as the point of air separation.
Hydraulic Machines
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, 2020
The recessed impeller or vortex pump uses an impeller that is either partially or wholly recessed into the rear of the casing (see Figure 7.15). The spinning action of the impeller creates a vortex or whirlpool. This whirlpool increases the velocity of the material being pumped. As in other centrifugal pumps, this increased velocity is then converted to increased pressure or head.
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics
Published in Ethirajan Rathakrishnan, Instrumentation, Measurements, and Experiments in Fluids, 2020
Here again the origin is a singular point, where the tangential velocity approaches infinity, as seen from Equation (2.44). The flow in a simple or free vortex resembles part of the common whirlpool found while paddling a boat or while emptying water from a bathtub. An approximate profile of a whirlpool is as shown in Figure 2.10.
Application of lean Six Sigma to improve the dense medium separation performance at a diamond processing plant in Namibia
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Abisai Kanyemba, Godfrey Dzinomwa, Michael Sony
Dense Medium Separation is a process that is used to separate DMS concentrate from tailings. Nowadays, dense medium separation of diamondiferous ore is carried out almost exclusively with the DM cyclones. The mixture of heavy medium and ore is introduced into the cylindrical feed chamber of the cyclone tangentially (at an angle). This process results in a vortex or whirlpool-type action. The constant inflow of new feed displaces the rotating mass away from the feed inlet towards the spigot. The heavier or denser particles move to the walls of the feed chamber and cone, which tapers down to the spigot, where they are discharged with the underflow medium whilst the light or less dense particles move to the centre of the vortex. This is because of the restriction caused by the ever-diminishing diameter of the cone section; these, together with the overflow medium are then sucked through an open-ended vortex finder, which runs down the centre of the cyclone. In this manner, the heavier or denser minerals are continually separated from the lighter or less dense minerals. Problems which result due to this process include fluctuations in the correct medium density, cyclone feed pump pressure, viscosity and percentage fines in the feed ore. Density fractionation (the sink-and-float process) is used throughout mineral processing laboratories to ascertain the efficiency of density-based separators. It has also been used as a yield predictor in the coal and iron ore industries, where the density profile of the crushed run-of-mine (ROM) ore is correlated with the plant yield.
Design of a smart control system for the management of sustainable energy supplies in remote areas: A case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Ahmed KASAPBAŞI, Hüseyin CANBOLAT
There are many ways for exploiting the previous power sources, so this section illustrates the proposed techniques in this study. A gravitational water vortex energy station exploits the hydropower of the Assi river water flow since the water enters into a circular trough tangentially, which produces a free whirlpool. Thus, the hydro turbine in this trough extracts the power from the free whirlpool that turns the turbine blades. Generally, this kind of stations has the following base features: It is eco-friendly and can generate electricity from an ultra-low hydraulic pressure (Rahman et al. 2017). Moreover, this station can be set up at a stream or a river to generate electricity for many homes because the hydraulic head demand is as low as 1 m (Timilsina, Mulligan, and Bajracharya 2018). For the solar energy source, solar panels are connected serially and parallelly together to convert solar light to electrical current (Ayodele et al. 2021; Li, Chen, and Li 2009; Rao and Shrivastava 2016). Finally, wind turbines can be used to convert mechanical energy, which is produced from rotating the blades of the turbines, to electricity (Delimustafic et al. 2011; Dhongade and Shaligram 2018; Wang and Liu 2007). Figure 2 illustrates the proposed system.
Extraction of cerium(III) with N, N′-dimethyl-N, N′-dioctyl-diglycolamide in [Bmim][PF6] compared in 40% octanol/kerosene
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2019
Meng Zhang, Yu Du, Guoxin Tian, Yu Zhou, Yang Gao, Hongguo Hou, Zhi Zhang, Chunhui Li, Liman Chen, Zhenyu Han
The extraction phase and the water phase were mixed with Whirlpool mixer (QL-861, Qilinbeier, China) for 7 min at 25 ± 0.5°C. Then the mixture was settled and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 8 min with a centrifuge (LG16B, Leiboer, China). The initial Ce(III) concentration in all the aqueous solutions was 3.4 mM. After phase separation with centrifugation, an aliquot of raffinate was taken from the aqueous phase, and the concentration of Ce(III) was determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, X-II, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). IR spectra of the extracted complexes were recorded with resolution of 4 cm−1 and scan-time of 32 on a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR, WQF-510A, Reili, Beijing, China). The samples were prepared as liquid film on KBr plates.