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Adsorption onto Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) from Aqueous Solutions
Published in Kunio Esumi, Polymer Interfaces and Emulsions, 2020
Watson Loh, Josias R. Lopes, Antonio C. S. Ramos
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) is the most successful example of such an approach. This polymer is prepared by polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene, producing a high-molecular-weight and mostly straight-chain polymer of formula -<CF2CF2)n-. This polymer was discovered in 1938 and some of its current commercial names are Teflon (DuPont), Halon (Allied Chemical), Fluon (ICI), and Hostaflon (Hoechst), among others. Other fluorinated polymers are commonly used as, for instance, hexafluoropropylene, fluoroethylpropyl-tetrafluoroethylene, commonly known as FEP-Teflon, or poly(vinylidene fluoride) (-(CF2CH2)n-).
Self-assisted wound healing using piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
Fu-Cheng Kao, Hsin-Hsuan Ho, Ping-Yeh Chiu, Ming-Kai Hsieh, Jen‐Chung Liao, Po-Liang Lai, Yu-Fen Huang, Min-Yan Dong, Tsung-Ting Tsai, Zong-Hong Lin
Piezoelectricity has various industrial applications, and is particularly useful for those involving vibrational generation and actuation. Commercial applications of piezoelectricity include the use of piezoelectric crystals and quartz resonance for time-keeping devices such as microphones, speakers, radio antenna oscillators, hydrophones, and piezoelectric fuel injectors [2]. Lead zirconium titanate (PZT) is a commonly used piezoelectric material because of its malleable physical properties, high piezoelectric coefficient, and low manufacturing cost [3]. Furthermore, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is the most common piezoelectric polymer because of its low acoustic impedance, high piezoelectric voltage constant, and copolymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride-tri-fluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), which render this material especially suitable for sonar and biomedical applications [4–6]. Various composite and nanostructured materials have also been developed, which can be made into films, discs, or stacked sheets [2,7–9].
Recent developments on green synthesised nanomaterials and their application in dye-sensitised solar cells
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
Nitasha Chaudhari, Sanjay Darvekar, Paresh Nasikkar, Atul Kulkarni, Chandrakant Tagad
In recent studies, to improve the stability and efficiency of DSSC, polymer-based electrolytes such as poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), polyurethane (PU), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) (Prabakaran et al. 2018; Arof et al. 2014) were used. Hence, the study was done on a green synthesised TiO2 nanoparticle using Averrhoa bilimbi extract with 4-Diamino-6-Phenyl-1-3-5-Triazineto (DPT), Poly(ethylene glycol)/KI/I2/2 electrolyte, which improved the long term stability of the polymer electrolyte, ionic conductivity, and also enhanced the photoelectric energy conversion efficiency (Abisharani et al. 2020). Thus, it opened a door for utilising natural TiO2 in DSSC applications to improve the stability of polymer electrolytes with added advantages of green synthesised NPs such as their eco-friendliness, low cost etc.
Flexible wearable sensors - an update in view of touch-sensing
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2021
Chi Cuong Vu, Sang Jin Kim, Jooyong Kim
Electrospinning is the ultra-small fiber manufacturing method that uses electric fields, particularly suitable for making soft transparent metal electrodes. For example, a transparent and flexible fingerprint sensor array (Figure 2c) can detect tactile pressure and skin temperature [53]. In this approach, the thickness of the polyimide substrate is 25 µm. Herein, the multifunctional sensor array includes networks of hybrid nanostructures integrated ultra-long metal nanofibers and finer nanowires. Kweon et al. [76] presented a polymer-based pressure sensor. Therein, conductive core/shell polymer nanofibers consisted of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) (1 mm) are fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) electrospinning and vapor deposition polymerization methods. The working principle is based on the resistive sensor with high sensitivity (13.5 kPa−1).