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Anti-microbial and Anti-oxidant Properties of Solvent Extract of Lichen Species Collected from Kodaikanal Hills, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
R. Kalidoss, M. Mariraj, M. Shenbagam, J. Merlin Seles, K. Arun Prasath, N. Rajaprabu, P. Ponmurugan
A bioprospection study was carried out in four species of foliose and two fruticose lichens. With an exception of Usnea stigmatoides, the methanolic extract of all lichens exhibited moderate anti-bacterial activity against clinical pathogens. The Parmotrema nilgherrense lichen extract revealed higher phenolic content. The methanolic extract of Usnea stigmatoides showed good anti-oxidant properties. The lichen substances identified in the present study were lecanoric acid, salazinic acid, and usnic acid. Drug resistance of all known microorganisms to all existing anti-microbial agents is fully established. It is necessary to identify the new anti-microbial agents and to determine which of the potential compound is more effective against unidentified microorganisms. Therefore, this work will provide the baseline information for the future pharmacological studies.
Usnic acid attenuates genomic instability in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as chemical-induced preneoplastic lesions in rat colon
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Nayane Moreira Machado, Arthur Barcelos Ribeiro, Heloiza Diniz Nicolella, Saulo Duarte Ozelin, Lucas Henrique Domingos Da Silva, Ana Paula Prado Guissone, Francisco Rinaldi-Neto, Igor Lizo Limonti Lemos, Ricardo Andrade Furtado, Wilson Roberto Cunha, Alexandre Azenha Alves De Rezende, Mário Antônio Spanó, Denise Crispim Tavares
Among the large number of unique secondary metabolites synthesized by lichens, usnic acid (UA) is one of the pharmacologically most important compounds produced by species of the genera Alectoria, Cladonia, Evernia, Flavocetraria, Lecanora, Ramalina, and Usnea (Chen et al. 2017; Cocchietto et al. 2002; Prokopiev et al. 2017). Pure UA has been used in creams, toothpastes, mouthwashes, deodorants, and sunscreen products as an active ingredient or as a preservative (Ingolfsdottir 2002). Several lichen species contain (+) and (–) optically active forms of UA that differ in the position of the methyl group attached to carbon 12. The enantiomers of UA exhibit a broad spectrum of biological properties, including antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines (Chen et al. 2014; Fernández-Moriano et al. 2017; Galanty et al. 2017; Ingolfsdottir 2002; Koparal 2015; Mayer et al. 2005; Nguyen et al. 2014; Ribeiro-Costa et al. 2004; Silva et al. 2017; Su et al. 2017; Suwalsky et al. 2015; Thadhani and Karunaratne 2017; Yu et al. 2016).