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Statistical Mechanics
Published in Marc J. Assael, Geoffrey C. Maitland, Thomas Maskow, Urs von Stockar, William A. Wakeham, Stefan Will, Commonly Asked Questions in Thermodynamics, 2022
Marc J. Assael, Geoffrey C. Maitland, Thomas Maskow, Urs von Stockar, William A. Wakeham, Stefan Will
There are many areas where capillary action is important. In hydrology, capillary action describes the attraction of water molecules to soil particles. Capillary action is responsible for moving groundwater from wet areas of the soil to dry areas. It is also essential for the drainage of constantly produced tear fluid from the eye: two canaliculi of tiny diameter are present in the inner corner of the eyelid, also called the lachrymal ducts; their openings can be seen with the naked eye within the lachrymal sacs when the eyelids are turned inside-out. Paper towels absorb liquid through capillary action, allowing a fluid to be transferred from a surface to the towel. The small pores of a sponge act as narrow capillaries, causing it to adsorb a comparatively large amount of fluid. Some modern sport and exercise fabrics use capillary action to “wick” sweat away from the skin. These are often referred to as wicking fabrics, presumably after the capillary properties of a candle wick. Chemists utilize capillary action in thin layer chromatography, in which a solvent moves vertically up a plate via capillary action. Dissolved solutes travel with the solvent at various speeds depending on their polarity.
Care instructions for specialty textile items
Published in Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian, Care and Maintenance of Textile Products Including Apparel and Protective Clothing, 2018
Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian
While washing cotton towels, use of a lower amount of recommended detergent with an extra rinse cycle can help to retain the softness and fluffiness as residual detergent can affect the softness. Similarly, silicone-based softeners should be avoided as they will diminish the absorbency of the towels due to their hydrophobic nature.
Resilient modulus–moisture content relationships for pavement engineering applications
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2018
The procedure proposed by Khoury and Zaman (2004) used in this study consists of the following steps: (a) placing a rubber membrane around the specimen after compaction, (b) placing a circular plastic sheet on each end of the specimen, (c) placing two platens on the top of the plastic sheet, (d) sealing off the membrane from the platens with masking tape, (e) placing the specimen in an oven at 41 °C (105°F) for 24 h, (f) removing the specimen from the oven and placing it at room temperature for 30 min, (g) removing the membrane and then weighing the specimen, (h) wiping the membrane with a paper towel to remove any moisture on the membrane, (i) then replacing the membrane around the specimen and sealing off the membrane from the platens with masking tape, (j) placing the specimen (turned upside down) back in the oven, (k) repeating steps (a) through (j) until a target weight is achieved (i.e. target moisture content). After the MR testing each specimen was divided into 25 pieces to determine the moisture content radially and vertically, as proposed by Khoury and Zaman (2004). Findings from this study revealed that the average drying rate was 6 grams of moisture per day and the moisture distribution throughout the radius and depth was within 0.5%. As a result, the moisture content of the bulk specimens was used in establishing the MR–moisture content (MRMC) relationships for specimens.