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Introduction
Published in Jamie Bartram, Richard Ballance, Water Quality Monitoring, 1996
Jamie Bartram, Richard Ballance
The following definitions apply to this procedure: Total carbon (TC) is all of the carbon present as dissolved matter and/or in suspension in the water.Total inorganic carbon (TIC) is all of the carbon present as inorganic matter, dissolved and/or in suspension in the water.Total organic carbon (TOC) is all of the carbon present as organic matter, dissolved and/or in suspension in the water.
Activation of cement hydration with carbon dioxide
Published in Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 2018
Sean Monkman, Paul A. Kenward, Greg Dipple, Mark MacDonald, Mati Raudsepp
Bulk CO2 content, analyzed as total inorganic carbon (TIC) includes amorphous, nano-crystalline, and macro-crystalline carbonate phases. The percent carbon (%C) of the solid samples was determined using a Model CM501C4 CO2 Coulometer from UIC Inc. and reported as the %CO2 from carbonate minerals (%carbonateCO2). Calcium carbonate standards were analyzed to ensure instrument calibration. This method is accurate within ±0.05% by mass with a detection limit of 0.10% CO2.
The fate of nitrite and nitrate during anaerobic digestion
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
K. Ghyselbrecht, A. Monballiu, M. H. Somers, I. Sigurnjak, E. Meers, L. Appels, B. Meesschaert
Samples of the lab-scale digestion experiments were collected at the end of each experiment (after approximately 14 days of incubation). In addition, for the experiments described in Section ‘Thermophilic biogas experiments in extended configuration’, samples were taken frequently to monitor the concentration of nitrite/nitrate. The following parameters of the samples taken were analysed: pH, TOC, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate. The pH was measured with an S220 SevenCompact pH benchtop meter equipped with an InLab Expert Pro-ISM electrode (Mettler Toledo, Switzerland). The concentration of organic carbon was measured with a TOC Analyzer (TOC-VCPN Total Organic Carbon Analyzer, Shimadzu, Japan). For the thermophilic batch experiments carried out in the extended configuration (described in Section ‘Thermophilic biogas experiments in extended configuration’) the CO2 from the (bio)gas was absorbed in the washing bottle with NaOH resulting in the formation of Na2CO3. This was measured as total inorganic carbon (TIC) with the same TOC Analyzer. Ion concentrations (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate) were measured by means of an ion chromatograph equipped with a conductivity detector (883 Basic IC Plus and 883 Compact Autosampler, Metrohm, Switzerland). For the detection of ammonium the ion chromatograph was supplied by the combination of a Metrosep C-4–150/4.0 analytical column and Metrosep C-4 Guard/4.0 precolumn with 0.7 mM dipicolinic acid and 1.7 mM HNO3 as eluent at a constant flow rate of 0.9 mL min−1. The anions (nitrite and nitrate) were separated on a Metrosep A Supp 5 150/4.0 analytical column and Metrosep A Supp 4/5 Guard precolumn with 3.2 mM Na2CO3 and 1.0 mM NaHCO3 as eluent at a constant flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1. Prior to ion analysis, samples were filtered over a 0.45 μm syringe filter (Chromafil AO-45/25, Macherey-Nagel, Germany).