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Introduction to Catalytic Reforming and the Oil Business
Published in Soni O. Oyekan, Catalytic Naphtha Reforming Process, 2018
Oil production ranking for countries differs considerably, however, when it is based on total petroleum and other hydrocarbon liquids, as shown in Table 1.3. Total petroleum and other hydrocarbon liquids as defined consist of crude oils, condensates, tight oil, extra-heavy crude oil, and bitumen produced by a country. Tight oil refers to oils that are produced from shale formations. Special unconventional technology referred to as hydraulic fracking is required for successful production of shale or tight oil. Bitumen is oil derived from oil sands and produced via surface mining and steam-assisted gravity drainage technologies. Bitumen as used in Table 1.3 represents the sum of all bitumen-derived oils, including diluted bitumen (Dilbit) and upgraded bitumen, and is referred to as a syncrude oil.
Experimental investigation on the influence factors of primary production performance of tight oil
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Tight oil is more complex and difficult to develop than conventional oil reservoirs because the porosity and permeability of tight oil are lower than conventional sandstone (Bustin and Bustin 2012; McGlade, Speirs, and Sorrell 2013). The methods of horizontal wells and multiple hydraulic fractures are the key enabling technologies to make tight oil production commercial (Daneshy 2009; Gaurav, Dao, and Mohanty 2012). However, the primary oil recovery factor of tight oil reservoir remains very low and has been estimated to be less than 15% of the original oil in place (OOIP) (Cherian et al. 2012; Hoffman 2012; Iwere, Heim, and Cherian 2012; Yu, Lashgari, and Sepehrnoori 2014). During the primary production process, the oil and gas will expand and flow out with the pressure depletion. The low porosity and permeability of tight oil make the production process more difficult. Therefore, the investigation about how to enhance the primary tight oil recovery is of great importance.
Flow mechanism of production decline during natural depletion after hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells in tight oil reservoirs
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Yi Yang, Wei Xiong, Guangzhi Liao, Shusheng Gao, Rui Shen, Jie Zhang, Qi Li
North America is rich in tight oil reserves, and horizontal well drilling and staged fracturing are used to successfully develop tight oil, which has changed the world energy pattern (Alfarge, Wei, and Bai 2017). Tight oil is defined as the oil stored in tight sandstone and tight carbonate reservoirs with an underground overburden permeability of less than 0.1 mD or a ground air permeability of less than 1 mD (PEDRI et al. 2017; Zhao et al. 2020). In 2019, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) stated that the production of tight oil in the United States continues to increase. The EIA also stated that the daily production of tight oil in the United States reached 900,000 tons per day in 2018, accounting for 61% of the total crude oil production in the United States. Moreover, the EIA predicted that tight oil in the United States would become a common form of oil production by 2025, and its production will continue to increase until 2030 and will eventually reach 1.4 million tons per day in the early 2030s (U.S. Energy Information Administration 2019). The development of tight oil has great potential, but there are still many problems. In the process of tight oil development, the output of a single well decreases rapidly, and the recovery rate during natural development is low (Daneshfar et al. 2020; Kassem et al. 2021). When supplementing energy, the affected area is small, the oil displacement efficiency is low, and the oil recovery is not high (Clarkson and Pedersen 2011). Low oil recovery leads to enormous challenges in the economic and effective development of tight oil reservoirs (Kaufmann and Connelly 2020).
Density and viscosity of tight oil from Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China and the geochemical controls
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2018
Qiang Wang, Yan Qin, Wanglu Jia, Yunpeng Wang, Wenzheng Zhang, Ping'an Peng
‘Tight oil’ is the oil present in low-permeability shale and sandstone/carbonate interbedded with source rocks (EIA 2013). Great success in tight oil exploration and production in the U.S. has encouraged tight oil exploration in China (Yang, Li, and Liu 2016). The Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin is one of the most promising tight-oil-producing areas in China (Yang, Li, and Liu 2016). Numerous studies have been performed on the mineral composition, diagenesis, porosity and permeability of tight sandstone reservoirs (Zhou et al. 2016; Li, et al. 2017). However, the characteristics of oil from the tight sandstone have not been investigated on a basin scale.