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Recent Development in Covalent Organic Framework Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Published in Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Covalent Organic Frameworks, 2023
Kayode Adesina Adegoke, Thabo Matthews, Tebogo Mashola, Siyabonga Mbokazi, Thobeka Makhunga, Cyril Selepe, Memory Zikhali, Kudzai Mugadza, Nobanathi Wendy Maxakato
COFs have been recently utilized as precursor materials for constructing carbon-based electrocatalysts for ORR. One noticeable example is the Co encapsulated nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon (Co@NGC-600) formed by annealing a COF-hybrid (TZA-COF-rGO-Co) from s-tetrazine based COF on rGO and with reduced Co metal (Figure 14.8a–e). The carbon-based electrocatalyst (Co@NGC-600) showed superior ORR performance in terms of activity (Figure 14.8f), onset and half-wave potentials (Figure 14.8g–h), and better durability and methanol tolerance (Figure 14.8i) when compared to commercial 20% Pt/C [37].
Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons and Classic Explosives: An Environmental Technology Removing Hazardous Wastes
Published in Vivek Kumar, Rhizomicrobiome Dynamics in Bioremediation, 2021
In bioremediation process, the microbes convert the toxic or organic compounds into water, CO2 and other non-toxic or less toxic compounds. Single microbe can alone metabolize a narrow range of hydrocarbons by means of cellular metabolism, but the consortium of these have an extended enzymatic range for better biodegradation. The potential biodegrader microbial community are generally isolated from hydrocarbon polluted soils (Olajire and Essien 2014, Ambrazaitienė et al. 2013). All oil spills adversely affect the particular ecosystem, resulting in accumulation of toxic compounds, and the soil micro as well macro flora and fauna being negatively affected (Gumuscu and Tekinay 2013). The toxic wastes of explosives are also being remediated by different strains of microbes, chiefly by bacteria (Cooper and Kurowski 1997). There are about 60 highly explosive compounds, which were synthesized and developed to use for military purposes (Lin et al. 2013, Morley et al. 2006). Due to routine military activities, the natural soil suffers from accumulation of explosives and it goes on accumulating. In due course of time, the explosive residues can find their ways to the groundwater and may spread with wind to different areas (Phelan et al. 2002, Hamoudi-Belarbi et al. 2018). From these toxic explosive materials, Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5, triazine (RDX), 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, globally considered as the most known explosive material (TNT), and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX) are the main culprits for soil toxicity. These toxic compounds are heat stable, have high density and high persistence (Cooper and Kurowski 1997, Lin et al. 2013). The environmental pollution with hydrocarbons and explosive materials has become a global phenomenon and all efforts are needed to remediate to that extent which is less toxic (Hamoudi-Belarbi et al. 2018, Trigo et al. 2009). To ensure the success of bioremediation, we have to develop those microbes which can proliferate and survive the toxicity of pollutants and harsh environment conditions (Adams et al. 2015). The organic materials can be remediated biologically, but the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are subjected to remediation under in situ. It has also been shown that the duration of some bioremediation operations is relatively longer, depending on the quality and concentration of pollutants. Moreover, the efficiency of microbes plays a significant role in bioremediation, since environmental factors do play their own role (Mishra et al. 2001).
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Tetramethylphosphorodiamidic fluoride 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidinol 2-(N,2,4,6-Tetranitroanilino)ethanol 3,6,9,12-Tetraoxatetracosan-1-ol sym-Tetrazine Tetroquinone Tetryl Thallous ethoxide 3-Thenoic acid Thenoyltrifluoroacetone Thiacyclopentane 1,2,4-Thiadiazole, 5-ethoxy-3(trichloromethyl)Thiamorpholine Thianaphthene Thiazolsulfone Thiazol Yellow G 2-Thienyl bromide 2-Thienyl chloride Thioacetanilide 2-Thiobarbituric acid Thiobenzyl alcohol 4,4'-Thiobisphenol Thiobutabarbital Thiocarbamide -Thiocyanatotoluene 1-Thiocyanobutane 2-Thiocytosine Thiodiacetic acid 4,4'-Thiodianiline 2,2'-Thiodiethanol Thiodiphenylamine Thiofuran Thioglycerol Thioguanine 2-Thiohydantoin Thionalide Thionaphthene-2-carboxylic acid Thionine Thiophenetole Thiophosgene o-Thiosalicylic acid Thiosemicarbazide Thiosinamine Thiotepa 2-Thiouracil Thioxanthone 4(10)-Thujene-3-ol Thymine 2-desoxyriboside Thymine riboside Thymol, acetate o-Thymotic acid Tiglic acid Tiglic aldehyde Tigogenin Tillman's reagent Timonacic Tin tetraethyl Titanium(IV) butoxide TMAB TMS -Tocopherol Tofranil Tolazoline o-Tolualdehyde m-Tolualdehyde p-Tolualdehyde o-Toluamide p-Toluamide : 3819 : 6197 : 8661 : 4655 : 10007 : 9900 : 7798 : 10012 : 10072 : 10423 : 9895 : 9705 : 10060 : 743 : 402 : 2421 : 1356 : 2312 : 9002 : 3686 : 647 : 3723 : 4987 : 10081 : 837 : 1661 : 422 : 10052 : 2856 : 1005 : 8767 : 10063 : 6716 : 301 : 10084 : 6713 : 744 : 2863 : 5257 : 1750 : 6709 : 5933 : 208 : 10363 : 3687 : 10083 : 7245 : 10093 : 7851 : 7422 : 6089 : 7095 : 7085 : 9593 : 3200 : 10032 : 9827 : 9730 : 9720 : 9973 : 10836 : 6227 : 3606 : 6957 : 6958 : 6959 : 6960 : 6961 Toluene-2,3-diamine Toluene-2,5-diamine Toluene-2,6-diamine Toluene-3,4-diamine Toluene-,-diol, diacetate Toluene-3,4-dithiol p-Toluenesulfinic acid p-Toluenesulfonamide o-Toluenesulfonyl chloride o-Toluidine m-Toluidine p-Toluidine o-Toluidine, hydrochloride o-Tolunitrile m-Tolunitrile p-Tolunitrile 2-(p-Toluoyl)benzoic acid m-Toluquinaldine m-Toluquinoline o-Tolyl alcohol m-Tolyl alcohol p-Tolyl alcohol 4-o-Tolylazo-o-toluidine p-Tolyl ether 2-Tolyl isocyanate p-Tolylsulfonylmethylnitrosamide o-Tolylthiourea Tomatidine TOPO Torularhodin Tosanpin Tranexamic acid Traumatic acid Triacetic acid lactone Triadimefon Triallylamine 1,2,3-Triaminopropane Triamterene 1,2,3-Triaza-1H-indene 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4-diamine, 6-chloroN,N'-diethyl1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b]benzothiazole, 5-methylTribavirin 1,1,1-Tribromo-tert-butyl alcohol 2,4,6-Tribromo-m-cresol Tribromsalan Tributoxyphosphine Tributyltin acetate Tributyltin fluoride Tributyltin hydride S,S,S-Tributyl trithiophosphate Tricarballylic acid 1,1,1-Trichloroacetone 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole 1,1,1-Trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol Trichlorobutylsilane 2,2,3-Trichlorobutyraldehyde 1,2,4-Trichloro-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]benzene 4,5,6-Trichloro-o-cresol 2,4,6-Trichloro-m-cresol 2,3,6-Trichloro-p-cresol 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol dihydrogen phosphate Trichloroethylene (2,2,2-Trichloroethyl)oxirane Trichloromethyl mercaptan Trichloro-2-propenylsilane
Review. Inverse coordination. Organic nitrogen heterocycles as coordination centers. A survey of molecular topologies and systematization. Part 2. Six-membered rings
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
The general Introduction to the subject is published in Part 1 of this work which illustrates the role of organic nitrogen heterocycles as coordination centers in inverse coordination complexes, i.e. in metal compounds displaying an arrangement of acceptor and donor sites opposite to that occurring in conventional coordination complexes [1]. This review is a follow up and addition to Part 1 and deals with organic six-membered nitrogen heterocycles acting as center cores in inverse coordination metal complexes and covers pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, tetrazine, pyridine, polypyridines, piperidine, diazabicyclooctane (DABCO) and urotropine (hexamethylenetetramine). Sometimes these molecules are described as polyatomic bridging ligands [2] but they deserve recognition as structure directing components, playing a more important role than just bridging. To serve this purpose such molecules must be at least ditopic or polytopic exoligands and the multitude and diversity of organic nitrogen heterocycles [3] are an excellent provider.
Docking studies to evaluate the biological activities of the Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes containing the triazine unit: supported by structural, spectral, and theoretical studies
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Farzin Marandi, Keyvan Moeini, Akbar Arkak, Zahra Mardani, Harald Krautscheid
For studying the charge distribution pattern of both ligand conformers, an NBO analysis was performed (Table 6). The results reveal that the calculated charges on the carbon atoms of the furyl and pyridine rings are slightly negative while the carbon atoms of the triazine ring are highly positive (Table 6). The charges on the hydrogen atoms on the furyl and pyridine rings are similar with positive value. Among the three nitrogen atoms of the tetrazine ring, the N4 atom is more negative than the others. The charge on the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring and oxygen atoms of the furyl rings is about −0.5. Comparing the charge values of the atoms on both conformers reveals that the N2 and N4 atoms of B are slightly negative and positive than those of A. The charges on all the other atoms are almost equal.
Recent developments in edge-selective functionalization of surface of graphite and derivatives – a review
Published in Soft Materials, 2019
Solmaz Aliyeva, Rasim Alosmanov, Irada Buniyatzadeh, Abdulseid Azizov, Abel Maharramov
Lennox and Schirrmacher et al. functionalized the HOPG surface using tetrazine derivatives (i.e. 3-chloro-6-((4-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)phenyl)-thio)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (SiFA-S-Tz), 3-chloro-6-((4-(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)benzyl)-oxy)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) (SiFA-O-Tz)) and tetrazine-Au nanoparticles via inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the reaction between HOPG and tetrazine derivatives over 5 and 60 min and is shown in Figure 7. It can be seen that HOPG has characteristic G and 2D bands. After 60 min of reaction of HOPG with SiFA-O-Tz, an increasing intensity of D band was observed, which is due to the conversion of sp2 carbon atoms to sp3 (66).