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Treatment Techniques of Industrial Effluents and Wastewater Treatment Plants
Published in Maulin P. Shah, Sweta Parimita Bera, Günay Yıldız Töre, Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment, 2022
Noshin Afshan, Alina Bari, Ambreen Ashar, Nazia Saleem
The tannery industry is one of the most polluting industrial sectors. Tannery industries use a significant amount of chemicals for the transformation of animal hides into leather. In Bangladesh, about 90% of tannery industries are engaged in the chrome tanning process because it is simple in operation and renders excellent properties to the leather. Tanning is a completely wet process that consumes significant amounts of water and generates about 90% of the used water as effluent.49 Tannery effluents carry heavy pollution loads due to the massive presence of highly colored compounds, sodium chloride and sulfate, various organic and inorganic substances, toxic metallic compounds and putrefying suspended matter that are biologically oxidizable, carcinogenic and toxic. Tannery effluents damage the normal life of receiving water bodies and land surfaces.
Tannery Wastewater
Published in Arun Kumar, Jay Shankar Singh, Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation, 2021
In compliance to achieving strict environmental regulations, there is need for effective treatment of tannery wastewater. The biggest concern with tannery wastewater is the significant concentration of chromium metal that has proved to be very toxic to the environment and public health. A number of treatment technologies mainly physicochemical and biological processes are available and investigated for the removal of color and chromium, but they are inefficient and further responsible for release of several salts that are used in metal precipitation. There are advanced processes like filtration and reverse osmosis that are found to be efficient in metal removal, their high installation and operating cost makes them unviable and unaffordable for industries and treatment facilities.
Role of composted tannery solid waste and its autochthonous microbes in enhancing phytoextraction of toxic metals and stress abatement in sunflower
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Ume Laila, Aisha Nazir, Firdaus-e. Bareen, Muhammad Shafiq
In Kasur, solid waste generated from the leather industry is generally dumped in open landfill, polluting adjacent agricultural land. Untreated toxic tannery solid waste may result in serious environmental concerns. The direct application of solid waste or sewage sludge could potentially cause leaching of heavy metals and organic matter into the soil and ultimately seep into the ground water (Liew et al. 2022). The appropriate disposal of this waste has become a major environmental challenge. As reported in previous studies, the management strategies of toxic solid waste mainly include dumping in open landfill, incineration, anaerobic digestion through pyrolysis and composting. Among the possible approaches for waste utilization, addition of different biodegradable components in the process of composting is considered as the most suitable and economically viable method of waste disposal (Martins et al. 2022; Ravindran et al. 2022).
Evaluation of suppliers in the tannery industry based on emergy accounting analysis: implications for resource conservation in emerging economies
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2022
Koppiahraj Karuppiah, Bathrinath Sankaranarayanan, Syed Mithun Ali
In the tannery industry, the raw animal hides/skins are processed, and the animal hides/skins are made suitable for manufacturing leather products (K. Koppiahraj 2019). Many industries in developing countries are directly or indirectly linked to the tannery industry. Since the investments required for the functioning of the tannery industry are small, many small-scale industries are involved in tannery operations. The tannery industry also provides employment opportunities for many semi-skilled workers. Though the tannery industry provides large employment opportunities, it pollutes the environment to a large extent. According to (Zhao and Chen 2019), every year, around 300 million pieces of animal skins are processed by the global tannery industry resulting in about 300 million tons of wastewater. Most tanneries prefer the chrome tanning process (CTP) in processing the animal skin as the CTP is cost efficient (de Aquim, Hansen, and Gutterres 2019). However, the waste generated from chrome tanning has a severe adverse impact on the environment. Besides wastewater generation, the tannery industry also generates a large number of solid wastes. Every year, 600,000 metric tons of chromium-containing solid wastes are generated by the tannery industry (Ocak 2018). At the time of supplier selection, most industries were not showing interest in the sustainable industrial performance of the supplier. As sustainable industrial practices are gaining importance, industries engaged in the production or manufacturing have started evaluating the sustainable performance of the raw materials suppliers. Recognising the need for incorporating sustainability, the raw materials suppliers have also started adopting sustainability in industrial operations.
Biochemical characterization of a partially purified protease from Aspergillus terreus 7461 and its application as an environmentally friendly dehairing agent for leather industry
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Emmly Ernesto de Lima, Daniel Guerra Franco, Rodrigo Mattos Silva Galeano, Nelciele Cavalieri de Alencar Guimarães, Douglas Chodi Masui, Giovana Cristina Giannesi, Fabiana Fonseca Zanoelo
It is known that tannery effluents are a major environmental concern worldwide. So, the study of enzymes such as proteases, with important characteristics such as pH and temperature stability during leather treatment, is crucial.[1] Thus, the use of proteases produced by A. terreus can be effective as a substitute for lime and sulfide in leather processing, leading to a substantial reduction in the load of toxic products released in the effluents, in addition to helping to improve the quality of the leather produced.[72–74]