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Gaseous Inorganic Air Pollutants
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
Increasing uses of sulfur hexafluoride have caused concern because it is the most powerful greenhouse gas known, with a global warming potential (per molecule added to the atmosphere) approximately 23,900 times that of carbon dioxide. The compound is very useful in specialized applications, including inert blanketing/degassing of molten aluminum and magnesium and gas-insulated electrical equipment, especially for quenching arcs that occur in electrical power switching. Ironically, the major driving force behind increased use of sulfur hexafluoride is the growing development of large wind turbines, which require frequent switching of high-current electrical circuits.9
Sulfur Hexafluoride — An Indicator of Incineration Efficiency
Published in Gregory D. Boardman, Hazardous and Industrial Wastes, 2022
Sulfur hexafluoride is recognized as a good tracer gas in ambient air studies. Sulfur hexafluoride is a colorless, odorless, nontoxic gas at ambient temperature and pressure. Its detection limit in the parts per trillion (ppt) range by gas chromatography, its lack of hazardous properties, and its high thermal stability and low decay rate make it a nearly perfect tracer gas for high temperature studies. Taylor et al.(2) assigned SF6 a ranking of 4 of 320 in their Thermal Stability Ranking of Hazardous Organic Compounds.
Climate Change and its Impact on Plant–Microbe Interaction
Published in Javid A. Parray, Suhaib A. Bandh, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbes, 2022
Under the Intergovernmental Panel on temperature change, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) could be a potent greenhouse emission whose warming potential is 23,900 times over that of carbon dioxide more than 100-year timespan. SF6 is employed for insulation in wattage transmission supplies and within the semiconductor manufacturing ventures. It is conjointly utilized as a tracer for gas spill recognition. The sinks accessible for SF6 are negligible, and subsequently, hotspots for its gathering include all human-made sources. Even though SF6 is itself not harmful, it decays under electric pressure and in this manner produces poisonous products (“United Nations Climate Change”).
Acute toxicity and health effect of perfluoroisobutyronitrile on mice: a promising substitute gas-insulating medium to SF6
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Xiaoxing Zhang, Fanchao Ye, Yi Li, Shuangshuang Tian, Baojuan Xie, Yadong Gao, Song Xiao
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been widely used in gas-insulated electrical equipment (GIE) due to its excellent dielectric properties and arc extinguishing performance. It was reported that its consumption in power industry accounts more than 80% of its global sales.[1,2] The amount of SF6 used in GIE worldwide is in the order of 105 tons and the emission amount is about 103 tons per year.[3] In addition, the global warming potential (GWP) of SF6 is 23,500 times greater than that of CO2 and its atmospheric lifetime reaches 3200 years.[4,5] With the signing of the “Paris Agreement” and increasing emphasis on environmental protection issues, seeking for an eco-friendly gas-insulating medium to replace SF6 used in GIE has become a hot topic.[6,7]
Application of an atmospheric tracer ratio method to estimation of PM2.5 emission rates from wheat conveying operations at a wheat pile storage facility
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020
Anna Potapova, Brian Lamb, Candis Claiborn
Atmospheric tracer techniques have been widely used in a number of studies and were shown to be a powerful tool to estimate atmospheric emissions of both gaseous and particulate sources (Claiborn et al. 1995; Lamb et al. 2015). Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) has been utilized as a tracer gas in many studies (Claiborn et al. 1995; Czepiel et al. 1996; Kantamaneni et al. 1996; Lamb et al. 2015, 1995) although nitrous oxide and acetylene have been used in more recent studies mainly focused on emissions from oil and gas facilities (Mitchell et al. 2015; Omara et al. 2016). Application of tracer techniques to emission rate estimation of atmospheric gases has been well studied and reported. The method has been applied to estimate gas emissions from line (Czepiel et al. 1996), point and area (Lamb et al. 1995) sources using both stationary (for example, Mollmann-Coers et al. 2002; Scholtens et al. 2004) and mobile (for example, Daube et al. 2019; Foster-Wittig et al. 2015; Lamb et al. 1995) measurements. Claiborn et al. (1995) were first to introduce the atmospheric tracer method to measure PM emissions (Kantamaneni et al. 1996). In their study SF6 was used as a tracer gas to simulate PM10 emissions from paved and unpaved roads. Both line source and point source tracer release experiments were performed.
Adsorption behaviour of SF6 decomposed species onto Pd4-decorated single-walled CNT: a DFT study
Published in Molecular Physics, 2018
Hao Cui, Xiaoxing Zhang, Jun Zhang, Ju Tang
As a strong electrical insulator and arc quenching gas, sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) has received extensive attention and applications in high voltage equipment such as gas insulated switchgear (GIS) [1]. Even so, some latent insulation defects in these equipment caused during the manufacturing and assembling processes often lead to various degrees of partial discharge (PD) in GIS. The power engendered by PD would render some parts of SF6 to decompose and generate many kinds of low-fluoride such as SF4, SF3, SF2, S2F10, and so on [2]. These sulphides in the presence of oxygen and trace water can result in the generation of some oxidised compounds typically called gases, like SOF2, SO2F2, SO2, H2S, etc. [1,3–5]. It has been proven that these decomposed by-products of PD would deteriorate the insulation of SF6 and accelerate the rate of equipment corrosion, increasing the possibility of system paralysis [6]. Therefore, the detection of decomposed species would be a significant and effective method to assess the insulation condition of devices and speculate the reasons of PD. So far, many methods were developed to achieve this aim such as mass spectrometers, laser sensors and optical sensors [7–9]. However, these devices more or less have the limitations of large size or high cost that restricts their further development. The market now urgently demands a novel category of sensor that is small and inexpensive.