China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Optical Loss: Principles and Applications
Published in John G. Webster, Halit Eren, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2017
M.M. Rad, Halit Eren, Martin Maier
Splicing joins two fibers together and forms a continuous optical waveguide. Generally, splicing is realized by employing the arc fusion splicing method. In this technique, an electric arc is used to melt the fiber ends together. Mechanical fiber splices are additionally designed to be quicker and easier to install. Good splicing requires appropriate stripping, careful cleaning, and precision cleaving. A splice loss under 0.1 dB is typical. The complexity of this process makes fiber splicing much more difficult than splicing copper wire. All splicing techniques involve the use of an enclosure for protection afterward.
Interconnection Devices
Published in David R. Goff, Kimberly Hansen, Michelle K. Stull, Fiber Optic Reference Guide, 2002
David R. Goff, Kimberly Hansen, Michelle K. Stull
Fusion splicing involves butting two cleaved fiber end faces together and heating them until they melt together or fuse. A fusion splicer controls the alignment of the two fibers, keeping losses as low as 0.05 dB. Fusion splicers are relatively expensive devices that usually include an electric arc welder to fuse the fibers, alignment mechanisms, a camera or binocular microscope to magnify the alignment by 50 times or more, and instruments to check the optical power through the fibers both before and after they are fused. The operation of a typical fusion splicer is illustrated in Figure 8.6.
Basic Optical Components
Published in David R. Goff, Kimberly Hansen, Michelle K. Stull, Fiber Optic Video Transmission, 2013
David R. Goff, Kimberly Hansen, Michelle K. Stull
Fusion splicing involves butting two cleaved fiber end faces together and heating them until they melt together or fuse. A fusion splicer controls the alignment of the two fibers, keeping losses as low as 0.05 dB. Fusion splicers have a relatively high cost, but they offer many features such as an electric arc welder to fuse the fibers, alignment mechanisms, a camera or binocular microscope to magnify the alignment by 50 times or more, and instruments to check the optical power through the fibers both before and after fusing. Figure 8.4 illustrates the operation of a typical fusion splicer.
All fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer for simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index
Published in International Journal of Optomechatronics, 2023
Jing Zhang, Yongqian Li, Guozhen Yao
The schematic of the sensor is shown in Figure 1. A section of the FMF (YOFC Optical Fiber Company), which has a length of 30 mm, is spliced between two pieces of CLF (YOFC Optical Fiber Company), which has a diameter of 125 µm and a length of 2.9 mm. Both ends of the CLF are fused with the SMF, with a core and cladding diameter of 8.2 and 125 µm, respectively (Corning Optical Fiber Company), as the input and output fibers. When light is launched into the CLF through the lead-in SMF at the spliced CLF-FMF point, due to the mismatch between SMF and CLF mode field, higher-order modes are excited. Then some higher-order modes are transmitted in the FMF cladding, the fundamental mode is transmitted in the FMF core. Similarly, at the spliced CLF–SMF point, the higher-order modes are coupled back to the SMF. These modes with different effective RI and transmission path interfere at the output of the sensor. As the effective RI of higher-order modes depends on the ambient RI, the change of ambient RI will affect the phase difference between these modes, which leads to the spectral shift of the transmission spectrum. The fibers are all fusion-spliced with the AUTO MODE in the splicer menu. Although the splicing method is easy to perform, it still needs careful cleaving and fusion splicing procedures. Splicing loss could reduce coupling ratio, which influences the fringe visibility and transmission loss of the interference spectrum.
Monitoring of weld defects of visual sensing assisted GMAW process with galvanized steel
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2021
Guohong Ma, Haitao Yuan, Lesheng Yu, Yinshui He
At present, with the introduction of intelligence manufacturing and sensor technology, welding automation is a significant part in the growth of modern industry. It is extensively applied in the fields of large splicing parts such as aerospace, ships, automobiles, etc.[1–4] To achieve the research and growth of welding automation, intelligence and flexibility, it should satisfy at least four requirements: initialize weld position, weld seam tracking, weld quality control and weld defect detection.[5,6] Galvanized steel, because of its excellent corrosion resistance, compatibility, and mechanical properties, is widely used in automobile body and building structures.[7,8] However, galvanized steel needs additional welding current and time, internal force than ordinary carbon steel, because the zinc metal coating on the surface of galvanized steel will produce a special shunting effect, which makes welding parameters difficult to control,[9] and the zinc metal on the surface coating of the galvanized steel sheet will evaporate and melt. Meanwhile, GMAW is a complex process with poor stability, easy to produce spatter, and unstable heat output,[10,11] which will affect the quality of the weld, so weld defects are usually unavoidable. In fact, if experienced workers locate and evaluate weld defects manually, this inspection method may lead to high cost, low efficiency, subjectivity and even bias, because the detection results of welding defects basically depend on actual experiences and knowledge accumulation of workers, visual accuracy, and image quality.