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Removal of dissolved organic matter during bank filtration
Published in Ahmed Ragab Abdelrady Mahmoud, Effectiveness of Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Arid Climates, 2021
DOC (in mg C L-1) was measured through the combustion technique using a total organic carbon analyser (TOC-VCPN (TN), Shimadzu, Japan). UV-Absorbance at 254 nm UV254 [cm−1] was measured using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer (UV-2501PC Shimadzu). Specific ultraviolet absorbance SUVA254 (L/mg-m) was used as an indicator for the aromaticity degree and unsaturated structures of the bulk organic matter. It was determined by dividing the UV254 by its corresponding DOC measurement. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was measured as an indicator for microbial activity associated with the sand. The sampling and preparation protocols of ATP measurements are explained in Maeng et al. (2008). Details of the ATP extraction procedures and detection method employed is described in Abushaban et al. (2017).
Permanent Landfill and Stabilization for the Remediation of Municipal and Industrial Wastes
Published in Hossain Md Anawar, Vladimir Strezov, Abhilash, Sustainable and Economic Waste Management, 2019
Hossain Md Anawar, Vladimir Strezov, Tanveer M. Adyel
Biological stability is assessed by the extent of readily biodegradable organic matter that has decomposed (He et al., 2011). Although landfill wastes consist of a heterogeneous mixture, 78.2% of MSW stabilized by composting consists of organic matter (Montejo et al., 2010), indicating the high significance of study on organic matter to evaluate the stability of landfill MSW. DOM content in leachate is related to the stabilization process of MSW (Bernal et al., 1998; Zmora-Nahum et al., 2005), where dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content consistently decreases during composting reaching its lowest level during mature condition. The ratio of DOC to dissolved organic nitrogen (DOC/DON) is one of the most readily biologically active parameters to determine organic material stability regardless of materials and processes (Chanyasak and Kubota, 1981; Said-Pullicino et al., 2007). The concentration of DOC, ratio of DOC to DON, and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm were in the range of 0.383–3.502 g kg−1, 0.388–3.693 and 2.700–4.629 L mg−1 m−1, respectively, indicating the stability of MSW (He et al., 2011). The characteristics of DOC obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectra and excitation–emission matrix spectra have also demonstrated the stability of MSW.
Advances in Algae Dewatering Technologies
Published in Shusheng Pang, Sankar Bhattacharya, Junjie Yan, Drying of Biomass, Biosolids, and Coal, 2019
K.Y. Show, Yuegen Yan, D.J. Lee
Algogenic organic matters (AOM) derived from four species of algae, namely Asterionella formosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Melosira sp., and Microcystis aeruginosa, were dominated by hydrophilic polysaccharides and hydrophobic proteins of negative zeta potentials and low specific ultraviolet absorbance (Henderson et al., 2008). AOM hydrophobicity was mainly owing to the hydrophobic proteins with molecular mass heavier than 500 kDa. The charge density, however, decreased inversely with hydrophobicity. The authors explained that the charge density was associated with hydrophilic and acidic carbohydrates rather than hydrophobic humic acids. Subsequently, it was found that treated bubbles could separate algae satisfactorily without prior coagulation and flocculation (Henderson et al., 2009). The surfaces of the bubbles were treated with chemicals of both a hydrophilic high charge head and a hydrophobic long tail.
Optimizing Micropollutant Removal by Ozonation; Interference of Effluent Organic Matter Fractions
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2021
K. van Gijn, J. Sohier, R. Maasdam, H.A. de Wilt, H.H.M. Rijnaarts, A.A.M. Langenhoff
Total organic carbon (TOC) was analyzed with the non-purgeable organic carbon method on a TNM-L TOC analyzer (Shimadzu). Ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) was analyzed using an Infinite M200 Pro multimode plate reader (Tecan). Specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) was calculated by dividing the UV254 values by the TOC values. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrite concentrations were analyzed with dr. Hach-Lange kits, LCK 1414 and LCK 341, respectively. Size fractions were analyzed using LC-OCD to quantify biopolymers, chromatographic DOC, hydrophobic organic carbon, humic acids, low molecular weight acids and low molecular weight neutrals. The LC-OCD used a Toyopearl HW-50S column and was coupled with both a UV and an organic nitrogen detector (Figure A5, Appendix A).
Pilot-scale iron electrocoagulation treatment for natural organic matter removal
Published in Environmental Technology, 2020
Sean T. McBeath, Madjid Mohseni, David P. Wilkinson
Filtered water samples were analyzed for initial and remaining NOM post-EC treatment with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV-absorbance at 254 nm (UV254). The specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) of samples was calculated from the measured UV254 and DOC, whereby the absorbance is normalized for the concentration of DOC. DOC was analyzed using a Shimadzu ASI-V Total Organic Carbon Analyzer, utilizing the non-purgeable organic carbon method. UV254 was measured using an Agilent Technologies Cary 100 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a constant wavelength of 254 nm and a 1 cm pathlength. The apparent molecular weight (AMW) of NOM from untreated and treated Priest Lake samples was characterized using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), i.e. Water 2695 Separation Module, equipped with a Waters Protein-PakTM, a 125 Å column and a 2998 Photodiode Array Detector. The Waters 2487 dual wavelength absorbance detector was set to 260 nm and a phosphate buffer carrier solution (0.02 M) was used to adjust the pH to 6.8 at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. Column retention times were correlated to AMW using a calibration curve derived using polysulfonate standards (15, 7, 4 and 2 kDa, American Polymer Standards Corporation).
Performance evaluation of ozonation and an ozone/hydrogen peroxide process toward development of a new sewage treatment process—Focusing on organic compounds and emerging contaminants
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2018
Tadao Mizuno, Fei Han, Jie Xu, Yasunari Kusuda, Hiroshi Tsuno
Five water samples, taken on five different days, were employed in the experiments of ozonation and the ozone/hydrogen peroxide process. The water quality of the test samples of each run is shown in Table 4. The test samples in Runs A, B, C, and D had similar water quality. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations ranged from 20.9 to 26.1 mgC/L, and the three organic acids were detected at very low concentrations or not at all. Total nitrogen concentrations ranged from 21.4 to 28.9 mgN/L, and ammonium nitrogen concentrations ranged from 14.7 to 20.7 mgN/L. Nitrite and nitrate ions were detected at very low concentrations or not at all. Ammonium nitrogen accounted for 68 to 79% of total nitrogen. The SUVA254 values (specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm) ranged from 0.013 to 0.021 L/mgC/cm. Another separate ozonation experiment for evaluating the removability of the trace organic chemicals and E. coli was carried out as Run X. The pH, DOC, and inorganic carbon concentrations in Run X were similar to those in Runs A, B, C, and D. The concentration of SS in Run X-2 was 44 mg/L. The initial concentrations of the four chemicals and E.coli are shown in Table 4.