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Mulberry
Published in Debashis Mandal, Ursula Wermund, Lop Phavaphutanon, Regina Cronje, Temperate Fruits, 2021
Chemical preservatives such as sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, and sodium sorbate may prolong the shelf life of mulberries but may raise health concerns. Precooled “Da 10” berries fumigated with 2 ppm ozone for 30 min under 5 °C and 80% relative humidity have a significantly lower respiration rate than that of the control group that slows down nutrient consumption and metabolism and help maintain fruit hardness (Han et al., 2017). The general fruit quality of the ozone-treated group is significantly better than that of the control group. Ozone significantly inhibits the degradation of fruit epidermal tissue, maintains fruit shape, inhibits bacterial infection, and prevents evaporation, and thus lowers the rotting rate while improving fruit quality (Han et al., 2017). Chitosan-g-Caffeic Acid can decrease the rotting rate and weight loss of 90% ripened berries of “Seedless Dashi” (Morus multicaulis L.), maintain fruit quality, improve anti-oxidant capacity, and maintain cell integrity (Yang et al., 2016).
The Sustainable Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Crude Glycerol
Published in Martin Koller, The Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates, 2020
Neha Rani Bhagat, Preeti Kumari, Arup Giri, Geeta Gahlawat
The fraction of 3HV monomers in polymer could be controlled by altering the concentration of odd carbon number substrates in the medium. Zhu et al. studied the synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymers by B. cepacia using CG and levulinic acid (4-oxopentanoic acid) as co-substrates [66]. Continuous supplementation of levulinic acid in the culture exhibited accumulation of P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymers, wherein the mole fraction of the 3HV units increased from 5 to 32%. However, all P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymers synthesized in these conditions showed low molecular weight in comparison with the homopolyester P(3HB). Recently, P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer production was investigated using C. necator DSM 545 by feeding different odd carbon number precursors (i.e., valeric acid, propionic acid, and sodium propionate) along with crude glycerol as a by-product from biodiesel manufacturing [2]. The concentration of organic acids was varied from 2 to 6 g/L to study their effect on the molar fraction of 3HV. The maximum concentration of P(3HB-co-3HV) copolymer of 3.4 g/L and a 3HV fraction of 30 mol-% was achieved at 4 g/L valeric acid.
Engineering Strategies for Enhancing Photofermentative Biohydrogen Production by Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria Using Dark Fermentation Effluents
Published in Farshad Darvishi Harzevili, Serge Hiligsmann, Microbial Fuels, 2017
Anish Ghimire, Giovanni Esposito, Vincenzo Luongo, Francesco Pirozzi, Luigi Frunzo, Piet N.L. Lens
The substrate types and their concentration used in PF can influence the H2 production rates and yields. Han et al. (2012) studied the effect of different carbon sources and their concentrations on the photo-H2 production using a batch culture of R. sphaeroides RV. The substrates used were either individual substrates, such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, malate, succinate, ethanol, glucose, citrate, or sodium carbonate, or mixed carbon sources, such as malate and succinate, or lactate and succinate. The results of the study showed that the H2 production for the mixed substrates is higher (794 mmol H2/mol substrate for 2.02 g/L lactate and 2.0 g/L succinate) than for a single substrate (424 mmol H2/mol substrate for 0.8 g/L sodium propionate). This makes PF prominent for the application in the treatment of DFEs that typically contain more than one organic acid (Rai et al. 2014b; Nasr et al. 2015).
Performance of short-cut denitrifying phosphorus removal and microbial community structure in the A2SBR process
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Wei Li, Yunhe Hou, Youlin Ye, Ye Bin, Yunan Gao, Zijun Dong
Under different carbon sources, the removals of COD and phosphorus are shown in Figure 5. When sodium acetate was used as the sole carbon source, the anaerobic phosphorus removal was 20.25 mg·L−1; however, the sodium propionate and glucose being organic nutrients, the values were only 15.03 mg·L−1 and 5.58 mg·L−1. More phosphorus and COD were removed with sodium acetate as an external carbon source, the effluent concentrations of COD and TP were 20.33 mg·L−1 and 0.83 mg·L−1, and their removal rates were 89.75% and 91.72%, respectively. Compared to sodium propionate and glucose, sodium acetate was more beneficial to SPAOs. Different carbon sources with diverse compositions and substrate decompositions would affect the growth and activity of SDPAOs. When sodium acetate was used as a substrate, it was degraded and absorbed by the cells quickly and the cells were in a state of ‘satiation’, thus, they were able to rapidly complete their growth and reproduction without too much energy. The saved energy was more used for phosphorus absorption, so acetate would be a better choice as an external carbon source in A2SBR. The concentration of carbon source
Enhancing the water flux and biological treatment in bilateral influent submerged FOMBR via applying the strategy of intermittent discharging salt
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Yuxin Lin, Qiwei Chen, Yuyin Wang, Kuizu Sua, Tianwei Hao
Internal concentration polarization (ICP) that reduces the net osmotic driven pressure across the interface between the membrane active and supporting layers was first considered as the most adverse factor that limits FO membrane water flux during the FOMBR operation [13]. Additionally, given the high rejection of particles and bacteria caused by the FO membranes [14], the concentration of salt in the microbial zone also increases during the FOMBR operation due to the reverse solute transport from the DS [15–18]. Previous studies noted that the sludge structure and properties can be significantly affected under a high salinity environment (>1 wt% salinity) [19], which can induce unsatisfactory removal of pollutants for the FOMBR. For the purpose to mitigate salt accumulation, different strategies have been proposed. Both longer hydraulic retention time (HRT) and shorter sludge retention time (SRT) have been demonstrated to be effective based on simulation [20]. Researchers also have explored organic ionic salts such as magnesium acetate and sodium propionate as draw solutions to minimize reverse salt flux [21]. However, there is a paucity of studies on the effects of increasing concentration of accumulated salt on microbial properties during the FOMBR operation and high-efficiency strategies for controlling salt accumulation in microbial zones.
Co-metabolic biodegradation of 4-chlorophenol by photosynthetic bacteria
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Binchao Lu, Liang Wang, Xin Zheng, Zhongce Hu, Zhiyan Pan
Two types of carbon sources were tested, i.e. easily degradable organics and toxic compounds which are structurally similar to 4-CP, to study the effect of various carbon source types on the co-metabolic biodegradation of 4-CP. The five easily degradable carbon sources were glucose, sucrose, sodium acetate, sodium propionate, and malic acid, and each of the carbon sources was added separately to 200 mL of MSM containing 1 mg of 4-CP. To provide the same elemental carbon concentration from each carbon source, the glucose, sucrose, sodium acetate, sodium propionate, and malic acid concentrations were set to 2.19, 2.09, 3.0, 2.34, and 2.45 g·L−1, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of different glucose concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 g·L−1) was explored. Phenol was also used as a co-metabolic substrate because of its structural similarity to 4-CP. The phenol concentration in the co-metabolic biodegradation process was set to 50 mg·L−1.