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Composition of Proprietary Products Approved in the United States
Published in Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations, Third Edition, 2019
Buphenyl® (sodium phenylbutyrate) tablets for oral administration contain sodium phenylbutyrate. Each tablet of Buphenyl® contains 500 mg of sodium phenylbutyrate and the inactive ingredients microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, and colloidal silicon dioxide.
Non-targeted metabolomics analyses by mass spectrometry to explore metabolic stress after six training weeks in high level swimmers.
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2021
Robin Pla, Estelle Pujos-Guillot, Stéphanie Durand, Marion Brandolini-Bunlon, Delphine Centeno, David B. Pyne, Jean-François Toussaint, Philippe Hellard
One of the results that opens up prospects for future research is the significantly higher ionic concentration (~200%) of 4-phenylbutanic acid-O-sulphate in the two swimmers who reported the lowest levels of fatigue, the highest levels of motivation and the best sleep in the study. The moxocarboxylic 4-phenylbutyric acid is produced endogenously at the cell membrane level. This molecule has been identified as a chemical chaperone known to assist proteins in their maturation by improving, in particular, the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum. They serve as a “quality control system”, recognising, retaining and targeting misfolded proteins for degradation (Welch & Brown, 1996). Investigators have suggested the potential role of these chemical chaperones in the treatment of stress-related neurodegenerative diseases but also in diabetes (Lee et al., 2011). Sodium phenylbutyrate is the salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid and used in the treatment of diseases such as urea cycle disorders by ammonia uptake (Ozcan et al., 2006). Sodium phenylbutyrate can reduce oxidative stress has anti-inflammatory effects, and improves insulin sensitivity and promotes glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle (Ozcan et al., 2006; Lee et al., 2011). We speculate the higher concentrations of 4-phenylbutanic acid-O-sulphate in the two swimmers who reported less subjective fatigue, higher motivation and better sleep quality suggests a relationship between peripheral membrane chemical metabolism and behavioural indices. Understanding the mechanisms of this possible interaction requires future research.