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Applications and case studies
Published in Roderic S. Lakes, Viscoelastic Solids, 2017
Viscoelastic pastes and gels are used to facilitate various kinds of surgery. Methylcellulose has a long history of use in ophthalmic procedures. Sodium hyaluronate is a large polysaccharide molecule which forms a viscoelastic gel with water. It occurs in the connective tissues of vertebrates [10.12.1] and in the vitreous humor of the eye. Viscoelastic gels based on methylcellulose or purified sodium hyaluronate have been used in surgery, for cell protection, in maintenance of tissue spaces, in tissue lubrication, and in tissue manipulation. Use of such viscoelastic pastes has been of particular use in ophthalmic surgery [10.12.2] to maintain tissue spaces, to replace the vitreous humor [10.12.3], and to manipulate and protect the delicate tissues of the eye. Manipulation of tissue in a space filled with viscoelastic paste is facilitated by the damping of disturbances. Moreover, bleeding is minimized by the viscous resistance of the paste. Purified sodium hyaluronate has been used in tendon repair [10.12.4], and a gel of carboxymethylcellu-lose and polyethylene oxide has been used for spine surgery and neurosurgery [10.12.5]. The gel is used to prevent scar tissue formation after surgery.
Emergence of Nanovesicular Systems for Topical Delivery of Natural Bioactives
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare, Eliana B. Souto, NanoAgroceuticals & NanoPhytoChemicals, 2018
Gajanand Sharma, Kanika Thakur, Akanksha Mahajan, Guneet Singh Randhawa, Bhupinder Singh, Om Prakash Katare
Hyalurosomes are the next generation phospholipid vesicles, prepared by mixing drug dispersion and sodium hyaluronate in water, followed by the addition of lipids (Castangia et al., 2016). Sodium hyaluronate acts as a penetration enhancer and immobilizes the lipid-based vesicles, thus imparting strength and preventing leakage at the site of application. These have been explored as potential carriers to enhance the residence time of the drug, leading eventually to enhanced local bioavailability of the drug (Kong et al., 2011; Witting et al., 2015).
Synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapy of BODIPY-conjugated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Bowen Chen, Jie Cao, Kebiao Zhang, Yuan-Ning Zhang, Jiaju Lu, Muhammad Zubair Iqbal, Quan Zhang, Xiangdong Kong
Hyaluronic acid (sodium hyaluronate/HA) is a natural polysaccharide that has been typically found in the epithelial, connective, and nerve tissues of vertebrates [35, 36]. HA has been widely employed as a drug carrier due to its good hydrophilicity, excellent biocompatibility, easy fabricability and non-toxicity [37, 38]. For instance, Ren et al prepared the Ce6-conjugated hyaluronic acid nanoparticles, and an anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the nanoparticles for chemo-photodynamic combination therapy [39]. The results showed that the therapeutic efficacy of Ce6- and DOX-loaded HA nanoparticles against A549 cancer cells was remarkably improved compared with free DOX and Ce6. Liu et al synthesized the molybdenum selenide nanoparticles (MoSe2 NPs) loaded with photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG), and the surface of MoSe2 NPs was modified with polydopamine (PDA) and HA to form a nanosystem with synchronous PTT/PDT functions [40]. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ICG-loaded MoSe2-PDA-HA NPs could not only significantly inhibit the growth of 4T1 tumor cell, but also inhibit their metastasis. Although the abovementioned systems show great potential for cancer treatment, a major challenge still remains to improve therapeutic efficiency by rational combination of PTT and PDT. In addition, it has been shown that the combined therapy displayed improved therapeutic effect compared with any single treatment [41–43]. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop biocompatible nanoparticles with PTT and PDT synergistic properties for cancer treatment.
Highly stretchable HA/SA hydrogels for tissue engineering
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Chengcheng Zhu, Rui Yang, Xiaobin Hua, Hong Chen, Jumei Xu, Rile Wu, Lian Cen
Hyaluronic acid sodium salt (HA, also called hyaluronan or sodium hyaluronate) with an average molecular weight of 1.5 × 106 Da, was supplied by Shangdong Freda Biopharm Co., Ltd (Jinan, China). Sodium alginate (SA, also called algin or alginic acid sodium salt, 396 K Da, 1,4-linked β-D-mannuronic acid (M unit)/ α-L-guluronic acid (G unit) = 1.49), 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE), chitosan (CS, 141 K Da, deacetylation ≥ 75%) and albumin from bovine serum (BSA) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). If not otherwise specified, all other chemical reagents used were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent of analytical grade and used as received without further purification.