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Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Riyasree Paul, Sourav Kabiraj, Sreejan Manna, Sougata Jana
Hyaluronan is glycosaminoglycans (GAG) based linear mucopolysaccharide containing alternative units of uronic acid and N-acetylated hexosamine in a repeating configuration. Hyaluronan is a non-sulfated polysaccharide, which is commonly known as hyaluronic acid. It is a negatively charged heteropolysaccharide. This marine polysaccharide consist of D-glucuronic acid unit and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine unit linked with glycosidic bonds (Gupta et al. 2019). Hyaluronic acid is commonly used in the cosmetic industry, tissue regeneration, wound healing, cell proliferation and as a polymer in drug delivery application (Goldberg and Buckwalter 2005). Apart from these, it is also used as a biological marker in determining the fraction of synovial fluids in different body joints for arthritis patients (Papakonstantinou et al. 2012).
Aesthetics Medicine
Published in P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino, Non-Invasive Monitoring of Transdermal Drug Delivery, 2022
P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino
In fact, for in-vivo metrological characterization, the physician injects a water soluble sodium salt of hyaluronic acid for the patient treatment. The hyaluronic acid injections, well known as dermal fillers, are becoming increasingly popular for aesthetic treatments. Hyaluronic acid is a disaccharide naturally present in all human connective tissues, including the skin. This molecule is essential for collagen matrix and elastic fiber formation, as well as for increasing skin moisture levels and accelerating regeneration and healing. These injections have become an essential part of aesthetic treatments, such as facial rejuvenation or harmonization. In particular, they are used to correct disharmonies by restoring lost skin volume, together with modification of congenital characteristics and reduction of the appearance of unwanted wrinkles and lines.
Applications of Biomaterials in Soft Tissue Replacement
Published in Yaser Dahman, Biomaterials Science and Technology, 2019
Resorbable (temporary) materials: Collagen: a type of protein that makes up a majority of the skin and other tissue in the body. Collagen can be sourced from bovine or human cells. Its impact can last up to 4 months; it is considered to be on the shortest lasting injectable material.Calcium hydroxyapatite: a type of mineral that can be found in teeth and in bone. Commonly used as a filler for face or hand wrinkles, where it can last somewhere around 18 months.Hyaluronic acid: a polysaccharide that is widely present in skin and cartilage tissue. Its ability to combine with water allows it to have a smooth effect when implanted. Depending upon the purpose of the implant, hyaluronic acid can be modified chemically through crosslinking to make it last longer. The impact of the implant can last up to a year.Poly-L-lactic acid: a biodegradable, biocompatible, synthetic material that is long lasting. It is usually administered in several injections over several months. The impact of a PLLA implant can last up to 2 years.
Development of chitosan-hyaluronic acid based hydrogel for local delivery of doxycycline hyclate in an ex vivo skin infection model
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Komang Agus Rai Ardika, Ardiyah Nurul Fitri Marzaman, Kania Meliani Kaharuddin, Martrisna Dara Karnia Parenden, Aulia Karimah, Catlyea Ainun Musfirah, Ermina Pakki, Andi Dian Permana
In this study, the DOXY hydrogel system (DHs) was developed using Schiff base cross-linking method to obtain pH-responsive properties. Two derivatives of natural polysaccharides, namely chitosan and hyaluronic acid were used as the hydrogel precursors. Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of chitin that has excellent antibacterial activity, tissue-adhesive and haemostatic properties, as well as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-antigenic [19, 20], but the poor solubility under physiological conditions greatly limits its further application. Thus, it is commonly modified in another form known as carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) [21–23]. On the other hand, hyaluronic acid is also widely developed due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, gelation capacity and water retention properties. However, this polymer exhibits poor mechanical properties due to its rapid enzymatic degradation. To tackle the problem, it is usually modified to aldehyde hyaluronic acid (AHA) [24–26]. The hydrogel was obtained through the formation of Schiff base reaction between the amine group of CMC and the aldehyde group of AHA [27, 28]. Previous studies have reported that these polymers combination has yielded initial success as a hydrogel precursor for the treatment of bacterial infected wounds.
Optimization of hyaluronic acid production and its cytotoxicity and degradability characteristics
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Serap Gedikli, Gökhan Güngör, Yağmur Toptaş, Dilber Ece Sezgin, Murat Demirbilek, Nuray Yazıhan, Pınar Aytar Çelik, Emir Baki Denkbaş, Vural Bütün, Ahmet Çabuk
Hyaluronic acid is used in some treatment strategies, such as ophthalmology, same orthopedic and cardiovascular surgery, and joint inflammation.[51] Therefore, immunocompatibility of produced bacterial HA is critically important and in vitro cytokine levels released from monocyte–macrophage cells demonstrate immunocompatibility of the bacterial HA. Schimizzi et al.[52] investigated effect of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on spinal nerve scar. They show that hyaluronic acid caused a decrease in monocyte–macrophage cell concentration and also pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) levels. According to our result, bacterial hyaluronic acid did not cause arising of TNF-α (p > .05) release but also cause arising of IL-10 (p < .05) release of monocyte–macrophage cells.