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Polymer Specifications for Photovoltaic (PV) Packaging and Balance of System (BOS) Components
Published in Michelle Poliskie, Solar Module Packaging, 2016
The strong silicon-oxygen bond in silicones gives them high UV and thermal stability. Because of this inherent stability, silicones do not require the glass superstrate to shield UV light from the underlying polymer chains in order to last the 25 to 30 years required by PV manufacturers. In addition, they have a service life of 40 years at 363 Κ and 10 to 20 years at 394 Κ based solely on oxidative degradation studies [9].
Study on the effect and mechanism of oyster shell powder on asphalt
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2023
Chao Hu, Daojun Zhong, Shilong Li
According to Figure 21, the viscosity of asphalt changes with the change of oyster shell powder content. It can be seen from Figure 21 that the viscosity of modified asphalt increases with the increase of oyster shell powder content at both low temperature and high temperature. The viscosity value of oyster shell powder modified asphalt is greater than that of matrix asphalt, and when the content of oyster shell powder is 12%, the viscosity of modified asphalt reaches the maximum value. Oyster shell powder is mainly the powder material obtained by crushing and grinding the oyster shell. The powder material structure is similar to the hydrogen–oxygen tetrahedron and aluminium–oxygen octahedron structure. This structure is very stable. When the oyster shell powder is added to the matrix asphalt, the oyster shell powder will form a silicon–oxygen bond and an aluminium–oxygen bond with the asphalt. These two chemical bonds will promote the asphalt to be closely connected with the oyster shell powder. The main component of oyster shell powder is silicon dioxide. The activity of silicon dioxide will increase with the increase of temperature, and the viscosity of oyster shell powder and matrix asphalt will increase with the increase of temperature.
Experimental study on property modification of jointed rocks subjected to chemical corrosion
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2023
Wei Wang, Shengyao Mei, Yajun Cao, Rubin Wang, Qizhi Zhu
The main components of the modified silicon used in the test are polysiloxane compounds, which have the following characteristics: (1) The main chain skeleton is the silicon-oxygen bond (–Si–O–Si–), and the –CH3 is based on the Si atom shielding it; (2) The C–H makes the strong interaction between the original molecules very small; (3) The silicon-oxygen key is long, and the silicon-oxygen-silicon key angle is large; (4) The silicon-oxygen bond has both the characteristics of covalent bond and ionic bonds (Hao et al., 2016). The modification effect of silicone on rock after chemical corrosion is mainly embodied in two aspects. On the one hand, when the silicone material was in contact with the rock specimen after chemical corrosion, the polysiloxane compound reacted with the hydroxyl group on the rock surface, which reduced the thickness of the adsorption water film on the surface of the rock specimen. It increased the contact angle between the surface of the rock specimen and water and formed the hydrophobic mesh molecule on the surface of the rock specimen. Thus, the rock became hydrophobic, which can effectively prevent the hydrochemical solution from penetrating into the rock, and thus improve the mechanical properties of the rock. On the other hand, silicone materials can penetrate the rock material quickly through the tiny cracks and pores of the rock and fill the microcracks and pores. In this way, the bonding strength between the rock soluble cementation and the insoluble matrix can be improved.
Effects of waterborne epoxy resin on the mechanical properties and microstructure of oil-well cement
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Figures 3 and 4 show the FTIR spectra of blank cement stone and WEPC with 10% WEP cured at 70 °C for 7d, 28d. The FTIR spectra of the blank sample V1 and the resin sample W2 are similar. An obvious vibration absorption peak can be observed for the two samples at 3440 cm−1, which represents the stretching vibration of O-H, indicating that calcium hydroxide is formed in the hydration products.[25] The 1630 cm−1 is the H-O-H bending vibration peak of chemically bonded water in hydration products. The 1440 cm−1 is the symmetric stretching vibration peak of C-O, which proves that CaCO3 exists in hydration products.[26] The 980 cm−1 is the asymmetric stretching vibration peak of Si-O, which is the absorption peak formed by the silicon-oxygen bond in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedral structure in the calcium-silicate-hydrate gel, which proves that calcium-silicate-hydrate exists in the hydrated product. The FTIR test results further show that the WEP has no effect on the hydration products, and it is still mainly calcium-silicate-hydrate and Ca(OH)2. However, according to the FTIR spectra in Figures 3 and 4, it can be found that the absorption peaks of 3440 cm−1 and 980 cm−1 of sample V1 are higher than those of sample W2, indicating that WEP delays the hydration process of cement.