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Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Published in Swee Ching Tan, Photosynthetic Protein-Based Photovoltaics, 2018
Daize Mo, Tianyu Bai, Leilei Tian, Feng He
In addition to P(NDI2OD-T2), another polymer containing NDI and selenophene units shows great potential toward the application in all-polymer solar cells.151 Jenekhe and coworkers reported such a cell using a NDI-selenophene copolymer (PNDIS-HD) as the acceptor and a thiazolothiazole copolymer (PSEHTT) as the donor, leading to a PCE of 3.3%. Selenophene containing polymers show higher electron mobility than their thiophene counterparts, which is ascribed to better orbital overlapping from the larger π orbitals in the selenium atom. Zhou et al.152 reported all-polymer solar cells based on PTB7 as donor polymer and an NDI-family copolymer based on naphthodithiophene diimide and bithiophene to produce the polymer (PNDTI-BT-DT) as an acceptor material. PNDTIBT-DT shows strong absorption in the near-IR region. A PCE of 2.56% is attained with chloroform as the solvent. Shen et al. fabricated all-PSCs based on PNDIT-20 paired with a donor polymer PTB7-Th and demonstrated PCEs of 3.88% by using non-halogenated solvents.153 Li et al. reported a polymer solar cell fabricated from blends of PTB7-Th and PNDI-TT-TVTs (containing 25% of TT and 75% of TVT), which displayed a PCE of 5.27%, significantly higher than those achieved by devices based on alternating arranged copolymers.154
Theoretical investigation of the nitrogen-heterocyclic as π-linker in diphenylthienylamine-based dyes adsorbed on TiO2 nanotubes for DSSCs applications
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
Ohoud S. Al-Qurashi, Nuha Wazzan
Various strategies have applied to photosensitizers in order to increase the performance of DSSC; such as modification anchoring group [28], using heterocyclic as π-spacers [29,30], or using the planer and longer π-conjugated spacers [31], which leads to increasing both the molar extinguishing coefficient and the panchromatic absorption [32,33]. In instance, homocyclic/heterocyclic compounds such as thiophene [34], selenophene [35], and tellurophene and electron-deficient for example quinolone [36], quinazoline [36], benzothiadiazole [22], bithiazole [37,38], oxadiazole [39], and thiadiazole [40]. As we know, nitrogen-based heterocycles have biological activities [41]. Also, they show many benefits when used as a π-bridge: (i) reducing the possibility of forming iodine complexes and decreasing recombination charge due to the lake of the sulfur atom in the π-bridge fragment. (ii) Expected to raise the semiconductor TiO2 conductive band edge which favourable to increase the open-circuit voltage . (iii) They have a strong electron-withdrawing property that causes smooth movement of electrons from the D to A fragments. As well, (iv) lowering the HOMO–LUMO energy gap because it causes to increase the planarity of dyes [42].
The synthesis of [1,2,3]-triazole-based bent core liquid crystals via microwave-mediated ‘Click Reaction’ and their mesomorphic behaviour
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2019
Kunlun Wang, Samuel Sprunt, Robert J. Twieg
Bent core liquid crystals (LCs) have received significant attention on a fundamental level of condensed matter scientific study and also have some potential applications such as liquid crystal display (LCD) [1] modes and as non-linear optical materials [2,3]. Compared to classical rodlike mesogens, these bent molecules exhibit unique properties. The substructures utilised to introduce the bend in these materials are very diverse. Amongst them, five-membered heterocycles [4] including thiophene and selenophene [5], 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4-oxadiazole [6–8], thiadiazole [9], thiazole [10], 3,5-pyrazole and isoxazole [11,12], 1,2,3-triazole [13–16] and tetrazole [17] have been examined. These heterocycles not only set the geometry of the molecule but also contribute to the bulk optical and electronic properties (e.g. often due to their conjugation and/or molecular optical and electronic anisotropies and due to their large dipole moment and self-assembly in liquid crystalline phases). Unique mesogenic phases have been found for bent core liquid compounds. These phases are normally known as B1–B8 phases, where ‘B’ represents for bent, banana, bow or boomerang [18].
Benzodithiophene (BDT) and benzodiselenophene (BDSe) isomers’ charge transport properties for organic optoelectronic devices
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2023
Vipin Kumar, Anuj Tripathi, Simplice Koudjina, Prabhakar Chetti
Nevertheless, of all the fused heteroaromatic compounds explored in the literature, thiophene-fused materials are the most frequently and extensively researched [26] because of their chemical stability, capacity for forming particular intermolecular interactions, and highly electron-donating nature [27–33]. One of the simplest thiophene-fused and selenophene-fused compounds that may be classified as structural isomers based on the location of the fused rings are benzodithiophenes (BDTs) and benzodiselenophenes (BDSes).