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Herbs in Cancer Therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Annum Malik, Shahzadi Sidra Saleem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Learn-Han Lee, Bey Hing Goh, Tahir Mehmood Khan
Alkaloids have potent anticancerous activity. They have heterocyclic ring structures with a nitrogen atom. They are widely distributed in the Plant kingdom and belong to families such as Loganiaceae, Leguminosae, Papaveraceae, Menispermaceae, Solanaceae, and Ranunculaceae (Wang et al. 2009). Following alkaloids are known to possess activity against cancer cell lines: Berberine: It belongs to the isoquinoline class of compounds, found in natural herbs such as Rhizoma coptidisa widely used Chinese herb (Chen et al. 2008). In cancer cells, cell cycle arrest at G1 or G2/M phases, as well as cellular death by apoptosis is caused by Berberine (Sun et al. 2009, Eom et al. 2010, Burgeiro et al. 2011).Sanguinarine: It is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, belonging to the papaveraceae family. It is extracted from Sanguinaria canadensis L. and Chelidonium majus L. (Mahady and Beecher 1994). Sanguinarine causes cancerous cells death by inducing apoptosis which ultimately inhibits their proliferation. It also makes the breast cancer cells vulnerable to apoptosis caused by TNF (Kim et al. 2008).Evodiamine: It belongs to the quinolone class of compounds and is extracted from a Chinese herb called Evodia rutaecarpa (Table 5.2). Several studies performed to investigate the mechanism of action of evodiamine in cancer prevention illustrated that the herb induces cell cycle arrest, which ultimately results in the control of angiogenesis and metastasis in a number of cancer cell lines (Shyu et al. 2006, Kim et al. 2008).
Green and cost-effective synthesis, characterization and DFT studying of silver nanoparticles for improving their biological properties by opium syrup as biomedical drug and good biocompatibility
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2021
Amineh Shafaei, Gholam Reza Khayati, Reyhane Hoshyar
Previous studies, as shown in Table 2,[32–34] have shown the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Papaver somniferum without any further purification. OP, i.e., a standard drug, is generally used as an essential agent to help compensate for cancer patients' pain and as a pain reliever. The overall purpose of this study and the innovation created by previous studies is to use OP, which is the source of several benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including morphine, codeine, and sanguinarine. These compounds have pharmaceutical effects such as alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, tryptophan, steroids, and phenylpropanoids, and have antioxidant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, and other effects. Therefore, OP contains chemical compounds with different functional groups that can cause the formation and stability of silver.[35,36]
Modeling and optimization of process parameters for supercritical CO2 extraction of Argemone mexicana (L.) seed oil
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2019
Bhupendra Suryawanshi, Bikash Mohanty
Argemone mexicana (L.) belongs to the Papaveraceae family which is also known as Prickly poppy (-in English), Bharband (-in Hindi), and Satiyanashi (-in Sanskrit) (Rahman and Ilyas, 1962). It has been found in large quantity in tropical America, but now, it is being cultivated in all over India (Bhalke and Gosavi, 2009; Rajvaidhya et al., 2012). A. mexicana seeds are spherical (1.5–2.5 mm diameter) in shape with the color of dark brown and pitted (Rajvaidhya et al., 2012; Brahmachari et al., 2013). A pale yellow color nauseous, bitter, non-edible oil (22–40% of seed) has been reported (Dey et al., 2008; Mishra et al., 2009; Rao et al., 2012) from A. mexicana seeds in literature, which is also called Argemone oil or Katkar oil and is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. linoleic, oleic, ricinoleic, palmitoleic acids etc.) which plays an important role in the regulation of a variety of physiological and biological functions in living organisms (Kemper and Shahidi, 2005). It also contains some toxic alkaloid contents (e.g. sanguinarine, dihydrosanguinarine, berberine, protopine, coptisine etc.) which have been used to cure various chronic diseases (Dey et al., 2008; Singh et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2014). Various researchers (Azam et al., 2005; Singh et al., 2010; Singh and Singh, 2010; Bankovi-Ilic et al., 2012) have also shown that its oil’s suitability for the production of esters which are main ingredients during the production of biodiesel.