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The roof of the Marble Palace in Saint-Petersburg: A structural iron ensemble from the 1770s
Published in Ine Wouters, Stephanie Van de Voorde, Inge Bertels, Bernard Espion, Krista De Jonge, Denis Zastavni, Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories, 2018
Aleksandra Kosykh, Werner Lorenz, Konrad Frommelt
As a result of these and other innovations, such as introduction of charcoal kilns and double bloomery hearths, Russia had become one of the world’s leading iron producers and exporters in the second half of the eighteenth century. In 1760 the annual production of 60,050 tonnes of Russian pig iron was second only to Swedish production of 68,800 tonnes. Having increased to 162,427 tonnes per annum by 1800, it was then second to none (Alekseyev and Gavrilov 2008). Throughout the eighteenth century, Russian iron was abundant, readily available and of the highest quality suitable for machine and structural use. In spite of significant expenses for transportation, it was still relatively cheap, due mainly to the low costs of Russian serf labour.
The roof of the Marble Palace in Saint-Petersburg: A structural iron ensemble from the 1770s
Published in Ine Wouters, Stephanie Van de Voorde, Inge Bertels, Bernard Espion, Krista De Jonge, Denis Zastavni, Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories, 2018
Aleksandra Kosykh, Werner Lorenz, Konrad Frommelt
As a result of these and other innovations, such as introduction of charcoal kilns and double bloomery hearths, Russia had become one of the world’s leading iron producers and exporters in the second half of the eighteenth century. In 1760 the annual production of 60,050 tonnes of Russian pig iron was second only to Swedish production of 68,800 tonnes. Having increased to 162,427 tonnes per annum by 1800, it was then second to none (Alekseyev and Gavrilov 2008). Throughout the eighteenth century, Russian iron was abundant, readily available and of the highest quality suitable for machine and structural use. In spite of significant expenses for transportation, it was still relatively cheap, due mainly to the low costs of Russian serf labour.
Flotation of Iron Ores: A Review
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2021
Xiaolong Zhang, Xiaotian Gu, Yuexin Han, N. Parra-Álvarez, V. Claremboux, S. K. Kawatra
In Russia, the Mikhailovsk plant (MMPP) processes an unoxidized ferruginous quartzite. While most Russian iron ore is processed from the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) and possesses significant magnetic properties making magnetic separation ideal, the MMPP ore does not readily separate under magnetic separation. The MMPP has developed an integrated magnetic separation-flotation process for its ore, which utilizes wet magnetic separation followed by reverse cationic flotation using an amino ester collector and a causticized corn starch as an iron minerals depressant. The final concentrate has an iron grade of approximately 69.7% (Varicheva et al. 2017).