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Psychrometry
Published in Kavati Venkateswarlu, Engineering Thermodynamics, 2020
An automobile air conditioner uses refrigerant R-134a as the cooling fluid. The evaporator operates at 250 kPa gauge and the condenser operates at 15 bar gauge. The compressor requires a power input of 5.6 kW and has an isentropic efficiency of 80%. Atmospheric air at 24°C and 45% relative humidity enters the evaporator and leaves at 7°C and 80% relative humidity. Determine the volume flow rate of the atmospheric air entering the evaporator of the air conditioner, in m3/min.
Power Transmission, Brakes and Cooling Systems
Published in Iqbal Husain, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 2021
Refrigerant used in the automobiles is R-134a, which replaced the previously used Refrigerant R-12 due to the environmental concerns. R-134a operates at higher pressure levels than the R-12 which requires a more powerful compressor.
Numerical investigation of flashing of propane (R-290) in a helical capillary tube
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2023
Soumik Bose, Sofen Kumar Jena, Sewan Das Patle
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) based refrigerants were used in the cooling appliances of the 20th century. Post-Montreal protocol both developed or developing economies of the world agreed to phase-out the use of CFCs refrigerant-based cooling devices to prevent ozone layer depletion. Complying with Montreal protocol, the use of popular CFC-based refrigerants like Dichlorodifluoromethane (R12) is abandoned. Gradually Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) based refrigerants like R134a are widely used for cooling applications. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), including Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), have no impact on the ozone layer, but they contribute to global warming. Post Rio convection in 1992, the developed economy pledged to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in the combat action for climate change. Most of the domestic refrigerators and air conditioners manufactured past two decades use R-134a refrigerants. While R-134a gives an adequate cooling performance, it has a global warming potential (GWP) value of 1430. The Kyoto protocol of 1997, the Copenhagen accord of 2010, and the Paris climate summit of 2016 emphasized rules out of processes leading to greenhouse emissions. As per adopted policies, by 2040 world is going to phase out the use of HFCs in HVACs. There is a greater demand worldwide to find out the suitable alternative refrigerant of R-134a having lower GWP.