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Nanotechnology in Preventive and Emergency Healthcare
Published in Bhaskar Mazumder, Subhabrata Ray, Paulami Pal, Yashwant Pathak, Nanotechnology, 2019
Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Bhaskar Mazumder, Manash Pratim Pathak, Kumud Joshi, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
There are many conventional treatments for acute radiation exposure. Potassium iodide (KI) is one of the therapeutic drugs that blocks the absorption of radioactive iodine and thus can be administered post-radiation exposure to inhibit damage to the thyroid gland, which is the main target of radiation. Prussian blue is another ideal first-line drug for radiation therapy due to its capacity to entrap radioactive molecules, like cesium and thallium, in the intestines. Prussian blue forms complexes with cesium and thallium in intestinal cavities, prevents further reabsorption, and eliminates the complexes through feces, thereby reducing the half-life of cesium and thallium in the body and preventing the damages associated with them. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (TPA) is a drug developed specifically for the removal of radioactive plutonium, americium, and curium. TPA can form complexes with these radioactive elements that are eventually excreted out of the body, reducing the residence time and half-life of the specified radioactive elements in the body. Neupogen® (Filgrastim) is a drug indicated in cancer therapy to treat damage associated with chemotherapy, like granulocytopenia and neutropenia. It is capable of boosting the production of white blood cells (granulocytes or neutrophils) and has been successfully used in cancer. Owing to this property, Neupogen is suitable to use in bone marrow damage associated with exposure to high doses of radiation, which causes a fall in blood cell count (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017a, 2017b).
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Published in Yannick Guari, Joulia Larionova, Prussian Blue-Type Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites, 2019
Radioactive cesium 137Cs, a component of atomic fallout, is a hazardous radionuclide. In 1963, the Croatian physician and pharmacologist Vladimir Nigrovic (1934–2008) discovered that by administering Prussian blue the excretion of Cs from the body can be enhanced substantially [44]. After successful experiments with rats, German physician Horst Heydlauf proposed the use of orally administered Prussian blue as an effective antidote against thallium poisoning in 1969 [45]. Today, Prussian blue is a routinely used antidote against poisoning with thallium and radioactive cesium.
Dirty bomb
Published in Michael L. Madigan, First Responders Handbook, 2017
There are some medical treatments available that help cleanse the body of certain radioactive materials following a radiological accident. Prussian blue has been proven effective for ingestion of cesium-137 (a radioactive isotope). In addition, potassium iodide (KI) can be used to protect against thyroid cancer caused by iodine-131 (radioactive iodine).
Adsorptive removal of cesium ions from aqueous solutions using synthesized Prussian blue/magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2020
Mohamed R. Hassan, Mohamed I. Aly
The commercial name of ferric (III) hexacyanoferrate (II) complex is Prussian blue. Fe4 [Fe (CN)6]3·XH2O (X = 14–16) is of a cubic shape. Prussian blue is used as a drug in case of radioactive exposure accident, due to its high selectivity towards radioactive cesium (Jang et al. 2014).