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Antioxidant Finishing Enabled Packaging for Improved Shelf Life of Food
Published in Mohd Yusuf, Shafat Ahmad Khan, Biomaterials in Food Packaging, 2022
Meenu Aggarwal, Anjali Gupta, Vanita Sapra, Meenakshi Singhal, Nisha Saini
Although plants contain ascorbic acid and tocopherols, but they are also rich in phenolic compounds [25], thus offering a good source of natural antioxidants, which are to be used in various food applications [26].Antioxidantcompounds like anthocyanins, flavanols, hydroxycinnamates, and carotenoids are present in fruits like apple, blueberries, blackcurrant, cherry, cranberries, grapes, orange, peach, plum, raspberries, strawberries, etc. [26]. Grape seed and grape seed extract have the same antioxidant properties as present in propyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole, and butylated hydroxytoluene [27]. Apart from grapes, even the rosemary, pomegranate, and cinnamon also possess better antioxidant properties in comparison to synthetic analogs. Thus, plant extracts can be used as natural antioxidants in meat products, particularly for red meat [28].
Extraction and Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from agricultural Waste
Published in Quan V. Vuong, Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural and Food Waste, 2017
Shamina Azeez, C.K. Narayana, H.S. Oberoi
Most phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, are present in different forms, interacting with the cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin) (Fu et al. 2008). Enzymes, such as cellulase, β-glucosidase, xylanase, β-gluconase and pectinase help to degrade the cell wall structure and depolymerize the plant cell wall polysaccharides, facilitating the release of these linked compounds, since they can hydrolyze the ester- linked phenolic acids (Chen et al. 2010). There are several reports on enzymatic treatment of plant tissues for the extraction of natural bioactive compounds. Chandini et al. (2011) found that the enzyme tannase was superior to pectinase for improving the quality of black tea extracts. Extraction of luteolin and apigenin from pigeonpea leaves was facilitated by pectinase, cellulase and β-glucosidase. Enzyme-assisted extraction was used to improve the antioxidant composition of black carrot juice and to obtain vegetable oils (Khandare et al. 2010, Szydlowska-Czerniak et al. 2010). Enzyme extraction is used to extract compounds from algae as well, where the structural complexity and rigidity of the algal cell wall prove an obstacle (Wang et al. 2010). Enzyme-assisted extraction is valuable in extracting precious by-products, such as gallic acid from agricultural waste (Curiel et al. 2010), which can be used for the preparation of food additives, such as pyrogallol and propyl gallate (Yu and Li 2008) and also to serve as an intermediate for the synthesis of antibacterial drug, trimethroprim, by pharmaceutical chemistry (Curiel et al. 2010).
Biodiesel Additives
Published in Ozcan Konur, Biodiesel Fuels, 2021
Mukul Tomar, Hansham Dewal, Lakhan Kumar, Naveen Kumar, Navneeta Bharadvaja
Apart from the analysis done on single cylinder diesel engines, Kivevele et al. (2011) successfully tested a four-cylinder ‘turbocharged direct injection diesel engine’ in order to find out the effect of using antioxidant additives, namely ‘2-tert butyl-4-methoxy phenol’ (‘butylated hydroxyanisole’, BHA), ‘3, 4, 5-tri hydroxybenzoic acid’ (‘propyl gallate’, PG), and ‘1, 2, 3 tri-hydroxy benzene’ (pyrogallol, PY) in biodiesel derived from croton megalocarpus oil. The results revealed that in ideal conditions, no major change in the value of the peak pressure was observed with the addition of additives in the fuel blend as compared to neat diesel. However, at higher loads, the peak pressure recorded a higher value for fuel blends containing additives.
Influence of Propyl gallate antioxidant on performance and emissions of a compression ignition engine fueled with Madhuca Indica B20 ester blends
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Balaji S, R. Saravanan, Natesan Kapilan
The degree of biodiesel degradation is higher when compared to diesel fuel due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acid chain in it. Hence to suppress the autoxidation or hydrolysis in biodiesel, antioxidants are added. It donates an electron or hydrogen atom to radical derivative thereby reducing the free radical formation. Phenolic antioxidants are a very good option (Rizwanul Fattah et al. 2014) and Propyl gallate (PG) is one among them. The properties of the additive used in the investigation are listed in Table 2 (Chemspider.com 2018; PubChem project 2018).