China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Drug allergy in lung disease
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Amitava Ganguli, Munir Pirmohamed
Type III (immune complex) reactions develop when a drug combines with antibodies to form immune complexes, the deposition of which on basement membranes causes tissue damage through activation of complement. The drug usually binds directly with IgG or IgM antibodies. Once the complement cascade is initiated, neutrophil and macrophage chemotaxis occurs resulting in the release of large amounts of lysosomal enzymes which cause destruction of the surrounding basement epithelial cell membranes. Drug-induced lupus syndromes fall into the category of type III reactions (although other mechanisms may also be operating in conjunction).22 Renal involvement in drug-induced lupus is rare, as is the presence of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies, but other autoantibodies are common; these include antihistone antibodies from procainamide, hydralazine or phenytoin; perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA) from minocycline; and SS-A and SS-B from thiazides. In the lungs, desposition of these immune complexes may cause diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. Procainamide, an antiarrhythmic agent, can be regarded as a paradigm drug that is commonly associated with drug-induced lupus. Between 50 and 90 per cent of patients taking procainamide for longer than 2 months develop serum antinuclear antibodies (ANAs); 10–20 per cent of these ANA-positive patients develop symptomatic drug-induced SLE, with 40–80 per cent of these patients having pulmonary manifestations which (in up to 40 per cent) are accompanied by bibasilar pulmonary infiltrates.
Oxidation of procainamide by diperiodatocuprate(III) complex in aqueous alkaline medium: a comparative kinetic study
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Manjunath D. Meti, Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor, Shivamurti A. Chimatadar
Procainamide [PAH] used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, especially to treat certain types of irregular heartbeats (ventricular tachycardia).[8] Procainamide hydrochloride (salt form of procainmide) is a group 1A cardiac antiarrhythmic drug, is p-amino-N-{2-(diethylamino)ethyl}-benzamide monohydrochloride. Procainamide’s major active metabolite is N-acetylprocainmide (NAPA), which is approximately equipotent with the parent drug as an antiarrhythmic agent.[9] The structure of procainamide is shown below