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Chemistry and Agriculture: Helping to Feed the World
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
In plants, 2,4-D and related compounds act as auxin analogs, disrupting the auxin–cytokinin system. The natural auxin is indole-3-acetic acid. The function of auxin and its analogs is to control biosynthesis of a plasma membrane H+-ATPase that balances H+ and K+ levels in the cell. The ATPase is essential to plant growth as it allows the cell structure to loosen and elongate during growth.17 The process requires tight control and over-activation by auxin analogs is lethal to the plant. Other examples of this class are fluroxypyr and dicamba. The structures are shown in Scheme 8.5.
Evaluation of foamed bitumen efficiency in warm asphalt mixtures recycling
Published in Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Mário Russo, Wastes: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities, 2015
Cândida Vilarinho, Fernando Castro, Mário Russo
Zandonadi, D.B., Santos, M.P., Dobbss, L.B., Olivares, F.L., Canellas, L.P., Binzel, M.L., Okorokova-Façanha, A.L. & Façanha, A.R. 2010 . Nitric oxide mediates humic acids-induced root development and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation. Planta 231(5):1025–1036.
Contribution of exogenous humic substances to phosphorus availability in soil-plant ecosystem: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Yue Yuan, Chunyu Tang, Yongxu Jin, Kui Cheng, Fan Yang
Humic substances (HSs) supplementation is realized to change the exudation of H+ ions and OAs from crop roots (Lima, 2014). Research shows that HA addition increase the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and gene expression in microsomal vesicles from maize roots. HA release auxin-like groups, which in turn would further activate H+-ATPase in specific regions of the root and influence its architecture (Canellas, 2008). In addition, the aggregation of indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) and other bioactive small molecules in HA supramolecular arrangement may be related to the activation of H+-ATPase (Canellas et al., 2002). Since OAs can lower the pH in the soil, the H2PO4− in the soil increases and HPO32− is gradually converted to H2PO4−, and generally plants are more inclined to take up H2PO4-, lowering the rhizosphere soil pH is beneficial to the uptake of P by plants (Kumar Fageria et al., 2017; Yan et al., 2019 ).
The aluminum tolerance and detoxification mechanisms in plants; recent advances and prospects
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2022
Lei Yan, Muhammad Riaz, Jiayou Liu, Min Yu, Jiang Cuncang
In addition, the rhizosphere pH is also related to the nitrate reductase which catalyzes NO3-N metabolism. It was suggested that the nitrate reductase activity and NO3-N metabolism rate of Al-tolerant rice were higher than that of Al-sensitive rice in response to Al stress, and the rhizosphere pH was also remarkable increased (Lin et al., 2002), indicating that the nitrate reductase catalyzes the NO3-N and produces OH- in the rhizosphere of plants, and the OH- transferred to rhizosphere surface to improve the rhizosphere pH (Taylor & Foy, 1985). H+-ATPase can increase the rhizosphere pH by absorbing free H+ from the rhizosphere into cells. Yang (2011) found that the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and rhizosphere pH of Al-tolerant wheat (ET8) was higher than that of Al-sensitive wheat (ES8), and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and pH value of rhizosphere were significantly correlated with the Al content of root tips.
2-Hydroxymelatonin induced nutritional orchestration in Cucumis sativus under cadmium toxicity: modulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants and gene expression
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020
Anis Ali Shah, Shakil Ahmed, Nasim Ahmad Yasin
Cadmium stress decreased the expression of plasma membrane H+-ATPase genes (CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA4, CsHA8 and CsHA9). However, the application of 100 µM 2-OHMT enhanced the expression levels of these membranous H+-ATPase genes. The genes expression level in case of 100 µM 2-OHMT treated seedlings growing under non-contaminated conditions was almost equivalent to that of seedlings grown in control (C) conditions (Figure 6). Under Cd-contaminated conditions, 100 µM 2-OHMT was effective in increasing expression level of most of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase genes. The seedlings raised through seeds primed with 50 µM 2-OHMT exhibited reduced expression level of the studied genes in normal and Cd-contaminated conditions (Figure 6).