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Algae as Food and Nutraceuticals
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Chetan Aware, Virdhaval Nalavade, Rahul Jadhav, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Yung-Hun Yang, Jyoti Jadhav, Ranjit Gurav
Phycobiliproteins are soluble in water, in contrast to chlorophylls and carotenoids. They form clusters called phycobilisomes on the thylakoid surface instead of trapped inside the membrane. Various configurations in the two main phycobilins, phycocyanobilin (blue) and phycoerythrobilin (red), can absorb multiple wavelength ranges, leading to distinct spectroscopic analysis (Lobban and Harrison, 2009). R- or B-phycoerythrin, allophycocyanin, and phycocyanin are common names for the isolated pigments. Phycobiliproteins play a significant function in the photosynthetic phase of the algal group viz. Rhodophyta, Cyptophyta, and Cyanophyta, which are included inside phycobilisomes (Aneiros and Garateix, 2004). Phycoerythrin constitutes a significant portion of red algal protein molecules, with concentrations as high as 1–1.5% and 0.5% for Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan and P. palmata, respectively, on a dry weight basis. These pigments are commonly incorporated as natural organic colorants in chewing gum and milk products as well as in cosmetics, including eyeliners and lipsticks (Sekar and Chandramohan, 2008). A Japan-based company known as Dainippon Ink & Chemical Inc. exports natural food coloring phycobiliprotein phycocyanine, and India-based Parry Nutraceuticals uses their brand Parry Blue (Parry Nutraceuticals, 2012). Distinct phycobiliproteins were proven to be antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-obesity, antiviral, hepatic, antitumor, atherosclerosis, lipase inhibition, and serum lipid reduction (Sekar and Chandramohan, 2008).
Are fluorometric, taxonomic, and functional indicators of phytoplankton community structure linked to environmental typology of urban ponds and lakes?
Published in Inland Waters, 2020
David Lévesque, Bernadette Pinel-Alloul, Alessandra Giani, Deborah C. L. Kufner, El-Amine Mimouni
We used different indicators to describe patterns of variation in phytoplankton biodiversity, community structure, and function among urban waterbodies. The first indicator was based on the spectral analysis of the concentration of total chlorophyll and of 4 spectral groups estimated using in situ fluorometry (Beutler et al. 2002). The investigated spectral groups of algae (green algae: Chlorophyta; blue–green algae: Cyanobacteria; brown algae: Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, Dinophyta; mixed algae: Cryptophyta, picocyanobacteria) are each characterised by a specific composition of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a or c, phycocyanobilin, phycoerythrobilin, fucoxanthin, and peridinin, respectively. This method, now widely used in lakes (Ghadouani and Smith 2005, Pinel-Alloul et al. 2008, Silva et al. 2016), yields chlorophyll concentrations that correspond well with those estimated by spectrophotometric methods (Gregor et al. 2005, Pinel-Alloul et al. 2008).