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Thermochemistry, Electrochemistry, and Solution Chemistry
Published in W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 2016
W. M. Haynes, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno
Phosphinic acid Phosphonic acid Phosphonium chloride Phosphoric acid Phosphorus (white) Phosphorus (red) Phosphorus (black) Phosphorus(III) bromide Phosphorus(V) bromide Phosphorus(III) chloride Phosphorus(V) chloride Phosphorus dioxide Phosphorus(III) fluoride Phosphorus(V) fluoride Phosphorus(III) iodide Phosphorus monoxide Phosphorus nitride Phosphoryl bromide Phosphoryl chloride Phosphoryl fluoride Phthalic acid Phthalic anhydride -Pinene -Pinene Piperazine 2,5-Piperazinedione Piperidine 2-Piperidinone Platinum Platinum(II) bromide Platinum(III) bromide Platinum(IV) bromide Platinum(II) chloride Platinum(III) chloride Platinum(IV) chloride Platinum(VI) fluoride Platinum(IV) iodide Platinum(II) sulfide Platinum(IV) sulfide Plutonium Polonium Potassium Potassium acetate Potassium aluminum hydride Potassium amide Potassium borohydride Potassium bromate Potassium bromide Potassium carbonate Potassium chlorate Potassium chloride Potassium cyanide Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Potassium fluoride Potassium formate Potassium hexafluorosilicate Potassium hydride Potassium hydrogen carbonate Potassium hydrogen fluoride Potassium hydrogen sulfate Potassium hydroxide Potassium iodate Potassium iodide
Lithium-ion battery explosion aerosols: Morphology and elemental composition
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2021
Teresa L. Barone, Thomas H. Dubaniewicz, Sherri A. Friend, Isaac A. Zlochower, Aleksandar D. Bugarski, Naseem S. Rayyan
Emitted gases have been studied for various lithium-ion battery compositions to assess flammability and toxicity. Based on a review of experimental work published over the last two decades, major emitted gases were hydrogen, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide (Baird et al. 2020). More minor but highly toxic components were hydrogen fluoride and phosphoryl fluoride (Larsson et al. 2017; Sun et al. 2016). The greater toxicity of hydrogen fluoride relative to other emitted gases was demonstrated by using fractional effective (FE) dose and FE concentration models for an LFP battery fire (Peng et al. 2020). The findings indicate that respiratory protection for acid gases would be needed in the event of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway.