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Phenols
Published in Brian D. Fath, Sven E. Jørgensen, Megan Cole, Managing Global Resources and Universal Processes, 2020
Leszek Wachowski, Robert Pietrzak
Phenol is a common name for the simplest and most common aromatic alcohol, labeled with CAS-RegistrySM –The world’s largest substance database number 108–95-2, in which the hydroxyl group, known as a phenolic hydroxyl, is attached to the phenyl group. By definition, phenol is a hydroxybenzene, but according to the IUPAC, its correct name should be benzenol.
Organic Pollutants
Published in Paul Mac Berthouex, Linfield C. Brown, Chemical Processes for Pollution Prevention and Control, 2017
Paul Mac Berthouex, Linfield C. Brown
Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. A phenyl group (–C6H5) is a benzene molecule with one hydrogen atom removed. The phenol molecule is a phenyl group (–C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (–OH). It is mildly acidic and it has a propensity to cause chemical burns.
Gamma Radiolysis of Phenyl-Substituted TODGAs: Part II
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2023
Christopher A. Zarzana, Jack McAlpine, Andreas Wilden, Michelle Hupert, Andrea Stärk, Mudassir Iqbal, Willem Verboom, Aspen N. Vandevender, Bruce J. Mincher, Gary S. Groenewold, Giuseppe Modolo
While some of these mechanisms appear to be directed by the presence of the phenyl group (primarily rapid oxidation of OH• radical addition adjacent to the phenyl group), most of the mechanisms should also be present for TODGA and other diglycolamides (CH3• and nitrogen dioxide radical addition in particular). Thus, it is likely that the analogous degradation products of TODGA that would result from addition of CH3• or nitrogen oxide radicals exist but have not been reported due to low abundance and/or the presence of other organic interferant molecules, either from the n-dodecane or from the sample analysis diluents or chromatographic mobile-phase solvents. A complete understanding of the radiation chemistry of fuel cycle ligands is necessary for construction of process models that will enable optimum process performance. Thus, the identification of these previously unreported radiolytic degradation mechanisms of diglycolamides suggests the radiation chemistry of previously studied diglycolamides that are currently candidates for advanced fuel reprocessing applications, specifically TODGA and its branched side-chain analog, N,N,N’,N’-tetra(2-ethylhexyl) diglycolamide, should be reexamined.
Synthesis and study the liquid crystalline behaviors of double Schiff bases bearing ester linkage as a central core
Published in Liquid Crystals, 2022
Mazin M. Abdul Razzaq Al-Obaidy, Ivan Hameed R. Tomi, Abdulqader M. Abdulqader
In the first heating cycle of the (DSC) experiments for All derivatives of (Dn), the (Cr1–N) peak has been shown, also, an additional peak in only two compounds in this series (D4, D6) were shown which correspond to (Cr1–Cr2) transition. This series shows a high range of mesophase where it is increased with the increasing the length of alkoxy group except the compounds (D9, D12), which show a slight decrease in the nematic mesophase range as shown in Figure 1. The substituent of a strong electron-donating group (-OCH3) on the para-position in the terminal phenyl group plays a pivotal role in the consistence of the N phase [47]. The details of temperatures (T, °C), enthalpy changes (∆H, kJ mol−1), entropies (∆S, J mol−1 K−1), and the LCs mesophase range (T, °C) of all homologues in series (Dn) are illustrated in Table 1. The mesophase textures of the (OPM) images at certain temperatures for compounds in this series are in agreement with the data collected from DSC. The selected photomicrographs from OPM are illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.
Enhanced Thermochemical Heat Capacity of Liquids: Molecular to Macroscale Modeling
Published in Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2019
Peiyuan Yu, Anubhav Jain, Ravi S. Prasher
With these results from our macroscale equilibrium thermodynamics model, we next explored the effects of tuning molecular structures on the thermodynamic parameters of the reaction. For practical considerations, the 2-methylfuran/maleic anhydride Diels–Alder reaction shown in Figure 3 would not be applicable for higher temperature thermal storage, due to the relatively low boiling point of 2-methylfuran (63°C). To increase the boiling points, we increased the sizes of the reactants and the corresponding product, by adding larger substituents (fused benzene, phenyl group, and methyl group) on these molecules (Figure 7). It has been shown that substitution could tune the energetics in similar Diels–Alder reactions [11]. The boiling points of the modified reactants in Figure 7 are 437.5 and 223°C, respectively [12]. Their product, which has higher molecular weight, is predicted to have a higher boiling point. In general, boiling is a very important consideration in choosing a fluid for thermal storage. The boiling point of known compounds could be extracted from a variety of online databases, such as the ChemSpider database [12], the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics [13], and the NIST Chemistry WebBook [14], etc. For compounds without experimental boiling point data, ChemSpider [12] provides various quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPR) models that can be used to predict the boiling point.