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Radiochemistry for Preclinical Imaging Studies
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
In convenient, commercially available 99mTc generators, ammonium [99Mo]molybdate (NH4[99Mo]O4) is adsorbed onto alumina columns. Its nuclear decay leads to [99mTc]pertechnetate. This product can be extracted by the radiochemist from the alumina column by elution, for example, with normal saline, and this solution is used for subsequent radiolabeling. The solubility of molybdate in normal saline is very low and thus 99Mo remains available on the column for later 99mTc elutions. Pertechnetate is stable in aqueous solution with respect to its oxidation state due to its rather low redox potential (standard electrode potential) of 0.78 V when forming TcO2 in acidic solution, compared to the same reaction for more reactive permanganate with a redox potential of 1.68 V (Lide 2008).
Bioremediation Current Status, Prospects and Challenges
Published in Amitava Rakshit, Manoj Parihar, Binoy Sarkar, Harikesh B. Singh, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Bioremediation Science From Theory to Practice, 2021
Ruby Patel, Anandkumar Naorem, Kaushik Batabyal, Sidhu Murmu
Technetium-99 is a long-lived (half-life, 2.13 × 105 years), beta-emitting radionuclide and is an important component of radioactive wastes. Under oxic conditions, technetium is present as pertechnetate ion (Tc (VII); TcO4-), which is one of the most mobile radionuclide species and less sorbed (Bondietti and Francis 1979). Bioreduction, a novel phosphor imaging technique, was used to show a reduction of the radionuclide by Shewanella putrefaciens and Geobacter metallireducens, with similar activities of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Paracoccus denitrificans, some Pseudomonas species (Lloyd and Renshaw 2005), Escherichia coli (Lloyd et al. 1997) and a range of sulfate-reducing bacteria (Thiobacillus sp.) (Dhami 1998).
A Survey of Medical Imaging Systems
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
99mTc-pertechnetate (Technelite®) is used to image such tissues as brain lesions, gastric mucosa, thyroid gland, salivary glands, and blood. 99mTc can be bound to many organic compounds, for example, Cardiolite (also known as 99mTc sestamibi) which is used to investigate coronary blood flow in the heart. Miraluma™ is a 99mTc compound used in scintimammography. Other application of 99mTc-tagged pharmaceuticals includes the study of renovascular hypertension, urinary tract infections, testicular cancer, brain metabolism, cardiovascular tissue, hepatobiliary imaging, gastroesophageal reflux, etc. In fact, 99mTc is used in about 90% of all nuclear medicine studies.
Technetium-99m metastable radiochemistry for pharmaceutical applications: old chemistry for new products
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2019
Bianca Costa, Derya Ilem-Özdemir, Ralph Santos-Oliveira
Pertechnetate ([99mTcO4]–) is the most convenient starting material for the synthesis of compounds based on 99mTc, since the direct obtention from the 99Mo/99mTc generator occurs in this way [18]. In order to incorporate 99mTc into a complex or biomolecule, it is necessary to reduce TcO4– from +7 to a lower oxidation state [16]. The most important oxidation states for the development of radiopharmaceuticals based on 99mTc are +5, +3, +1 [19].