China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Geothermal and hydrogeological conditions, geochemical properties and uses of geothermal waters of the Slovakia
Published in Jochen Bundschuh, Barbara Tomaszewska, Geothermal Water Management, 2018
Dušan Bodiš, Anton Remšík, Radovan černák, Daniel Marcin, Zlatica Ženišová, Renáta Fl’aková
As to the origin of geothermal waters’ chemical composition, three basic genetic types have been distinguished (Bodiš and Franko, 1986) (Fig. 3.5): Geothermal waters with marinogene mineralization which include: connate waters whose mineralization corresponds to the paleosalinity of their aquifers and which were metamorphosed only in the water-rock system and/or by CO2 addition;connate waters infiltrated, biogenic or petrogenic degraded to various degrees and at different periods;highly mineralized geothermal waters formed through halite dissolution by seawater or through local concentrating of seawater;Geothermal waters with petrogenic mineralization whose TDS does not exceed 5 g exemplified by meteoric waters of fairly deep or deep circulation;Geothermal waters of mixed origin and complex chemistry.
Sedimentary environment and facies of the Huagang Formation in the northern central Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin, China
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2020
Z. X. Zhao, C. M. Dong, C. Y. Lin, X. G. Zhang, X. Huang, B. J. Li, W. Guo, Z. Q. Zhu
Paleosalinity is an important indicator of changes in continental and marine environments during geological history. From the elements and associated ratios that can indicate paleosalinity, Sr/Ba, Rb/K, Sr, Ni and Cl were selected based on the results of this study. The solubility of Sr is greater than that of Ba so that in seawater, Ba precipitates first to form BaSO4 increasing Sr relative to Ba so a higher Sr/Ba ratio indicates higher salinity (Reitz, Pfeifer, Lange, & Klump, 2004). Generally, where the Sr/Ba ratio is larger than 1, the sedimentary environment is a marine or saltwater environment, while Sr/Ba <0.6 indicates a continental or freshwater environment, and an intermediate ratio suggests a transitional environment (Zheng & Liu, 1999). The percentage of Sr is generally 800 × 10−6 to 1000 × 10−6 in saltwater and 100 × 10−6 to 300 × 10−6 in freshwater (Liu & Zhou, 2007). The Rb/K ratio, which can also reflect changes in salinity, is greater than 0.006 in normal marine sedimentary rocks, 0.004–0.006 in brackish water sedimentary rocks and less than 0.004 in rivers and other freshwater sediments (Tribovillard, Algeo, Lyons, & Riboulleau, 2006).