China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction to Catalysts
Published in Qingmin Ji, Harald Fuchs, Soft Matters for Catalysts, 2019
Organometallic catalysis is a significant fraction for homogeneous catalysis. The success story of organometallic chemistry is also derived from homogeneous catalysis. Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta won the Noble Prize in 1963 for discovering organometallic polymerization catalysts. Ernst Otto Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson later further deciphered how such compounds function as catalysts and won the 1973 Noble Prize.
Introduction to Organometallics
Published in Samir H. Chikkali, Metal-Catalyzed Polymerization, 2017
Samir H. Chikkali, Sandeep Netalkar
As the name indicates, interaction between inorganic and organic chemistry community led to the development of a new branch of chemistry called organometallic chemistry. To put it forthrightly, organometallic chemistry is a specialized branch of coordination chemistry dealing with the study of compounds possessing metal-carbon bonds and the reactions involving either the formation or breaking of M-C bonds that may be transient or enduring in nature, whereas the coordination chemistry covers the remaining aspect of metal complex other than carbon ligands. Although this meticulous definition of organometallic chemistry emphasizes on the importance of the M-C bond and its chemistry (by chemistry we mean its synthesis, characterization, reactions, and applications in catalysis or in biological system), it is largely superficial and there exists varied perspectives so as to include the compounds possessing bonds between metal and other common elements encountered in organic chemistry such as metal-nitrogen, metal-oxygen, metal-halogen, and also metal-hydrogen-bonded compounds. Hence it would be appropriate in the context of generalization to define organometallic chemistry as the chemistry of metal-organyls rather than that of only metal-carbon. Similarly, not only all the transition metals, lanthanides, actinides, alkali, and alkaline earth metals but also the metalloids including the elements in group 13 and the heavier members of the group 14–16, that is, borderline under the stairs elements from groups 13–16 such as B, Si, P, As, Se, and Te come squarely under the domain of organometallic chemistry. However the expression organoelement is used frequently to describe the organic chemistry of these non- and semi-metals. Some examples to draw a distinction between the metals and the metalloids are organoboron, organosilicon, organophosphorous, organoarsenic, and so on. Some of the common concepts that are useful in organometallic and coordination chemistry are briefly defined in Section 1.4.1.
Organometallic Compounds as Heterogeneous Catalysts
Published in Varun Rawat, Anirban Das, Chandra Mohan Srivastava, Heterogeneous Catalysis in Organic Transformations, 2022
Garima Sachdeva, Monu Verma, Varun Rawat, Ved Prakash Verma, Manish Srivastava, Sudesh Kumar, Singh Vanshika
Heterogeneous catalysis plays a significant role in industrial processes these days as it helps to obtain selective and reusable catalysts. At first glance, heterogeneous catalysis looks very different from organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. The molecular approach is now widespread in heterogeneous catalysis, and continuity of disciplines is being accepted that runs from monometallic activation to solid-state activation through organometallic clusters. Organometallic chemistry is an exciting and active field of research with several practical applications which involve compounds with at least one metal–carbon bond [1]. It links the aspects of both organic as well as inorganic chemistry, hence is of paramount importance. Studies of organometallic compounds have improved the understanding of chemical bonding because these complexes have distinct structures and bonds. The field of organometallic chemistry originated in the mid-1800s when Frankland found the ethyl and methyl derivatives of Zinc, Tin, and Mercury, and is still a growing field of interest. The reason behind the rapid growth of organometallic chemistry is due to the wide-ranging applications of organometallic complexes in organic synthesis (which was noticed with the discovery of the Grignard reagent at the end of the 19th century) and the function of metals in biological systems [2–4]. Organometallic catalysts can catalyze many organic reactions due to the ease of modification in their environment by changing the surrounding ligands. Many ligands can coordinate with the transition metals, which are responsible for changing the reactivity and selectivity completely. Few organometallic reagents are extremely specific, which allows the preparation of the complex target without involving the protecting groups. Complex molecules can be combined with the help of organometallic reagents, which provides flexibility and is effective in designing functional materials and biologically important molecules [5]. Organometallic compounds are also utilized as precursors in the preparation of nanomaterials and microelectronic materials. As organometallic compounds consist of ligands and metals, the synthetic methods can be divided into two types: the reaction between metal species and ligand precursor, and the reaction of the organometallic compound to yield a new ligand.
Understanding oxidative addition in organometallics: a closer look
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Nabakrushna Behera, Sipun Sethi
Knowledge of oxidative addition reaction in organometallic chemistry has become fundamental to both organic and inorganic chemists. Clarity in presentation improves understanding of organometallic reactions. We have documented the definitions of oxidative addition as a fundamental concept in organometallic chemistry and pointed out their specific and previously overlooked consequences. The research in organometallic chemistry continues to expand horizons in this field. The oxidative addition process involving single-metal two-electron system for actinide chemistry, which was difficult for a long time, has recently been explored in the uranium complex system, and it is included in this review. This will serve as an informative way to understand the underlying principles of oxidative addition.