China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Mercury in Water
Published in Béla G. Lipták, Analytical Instrumentation, 2018
Thin-layer chromatography offers a simple and inexpensive method for analysis of organomercury compounds. Silica gel and alumina are mainly used as the adsorbent layer. The Rf values of organomercury compounds for a variety of developers are shown in Tables 30e and 30f. The mercury compounds are visualized by spraying the plate with a soution of dithizone. Ordinarily, mercury of the order of 0.5 μg can be identified visually in this manner. When developed as organomercury dithizonate, visualization becomes unnecessary and mercury on the order of 0.1 μg can be identified visually.
Pollution and Pollutants
Published in Paul Mac Berthouex, Linfield C. Brown, Chemical Processes for Pollution Prevention and Control, 2017
Paul Mac Berthouex, Linfield C. Brown
Mercury (Hg), in its elemental state, exists as a vapor or liquid. In its mercuric state (Hg2+), it can form either inorganic salts or organomercury compounds. The organic forms are the most dangerous. Important organomercury compounds are the methylmercury cation (CH3Hg+), ethylmercury cation (C2H5Hg+), dimethylmercury [(CH3)2Hg], diethylmercury [(CH3CH2)2Hg], and merbromin (“Mercurochrome”).
The concentration and prevalence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in cheese: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Zahra Hashami, Negar Chabook, Fardin Javanmardi, Reza Mohammadi, Moein Bashiry, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
In order to have a systematical review of PTEs contamination in cheese, the most important databases and grey literature such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA) were explored (from 2000 to the beginning of June 2021). To find the best keywords, the Mesh (PubMed) terms, Emtree (Embase), and related articles. The following terms were used in our search approach: (“heavy metal*” OR (heavy AND metal) OR arsenic OR “arsenic 75” OR arsenic-75 OR lead OR Pb OR cadmium OR Cd OR “cadmium radioisotopes” OR mercury OR Hg OR “mercury isotopes” OR “mercury radioisotopes” OR “organomercury compounds” OR element* OR “inorganic chemical*” OR metalloids) AND (cheese* OR curd OR cottage OR cheddar OR camembert OR paneer OR “dairy product*” OR “milk product*” OR *fermented food*“OR “cultured milk products”)
Restricted substances for textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2022
Arun Kumar Patra, Siva Rama Kumar Pariti
Mercury is a toxic substance that has no known function in human biochemistry or physiology and does not occur naturally in living organisms. It exists in 0,1 and 2 oxidation states and can be found in three different forms: elemental or metallic mercury, inorganic mercury compounds primarily mercuric chloride and the most intoxicating organomercury compounds such as methyl mercury (Fennema et al., 2002). All forms of mercury entering the aquatic environment are converted into methyl-mercury compounds by micro-organisms and these subsequently become concentrated in fish and other aquatic species. This form of the heavy metal when taken in through food, gets readily absorbed up to 95% by the gut effectively entering biological membranes like the peripheral nerves, the blood brain barrier and spinal cord. Inside the body, methyl-mercury is bound mostly to proteins with sulphur-containing amino acids, inducing toxic effects in several organs such as the nervous system, the kidney, the liver and the reproductive organs.
Mercury methylation by anaerobic microorganisms: A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019
Ming Ma, Hongxia Du, Dingyong Wang
The ecological and toxicological effects of Hg are highly dependent on its chemical forms (Clarkson, 1998). Mercury exists in the environment mainly in the forms of elemental Hg (Hg(0), Hg0), inorganic Hg (Hg(II), Hg2+), and organomercury compounds, such as monomethylmercury (MeHg, CH3Hg+, methylmercury) and dimethylmercury (DMeHg, (CH3)2Hg+). People recognize that the organic forms of Hg, especially MeHg, are much more toxic and thus become the form of most concern. Methylmercury is a potent neurotoxicant and can cause subtle but permanent damage to human beings, such as sensory disorders, ataxia, impairment of hearing, constriction of the visual field, central disequilibrium, and even death (Clarkson & Magos, 2006; Committee on the Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury, 2000; Keating, Mahaffey, Schoeny, Rice, & Bullock, 1997). Therefore, MeHg is confirmed to be a significant risk to human health in many regions of the world (Abelson, 1970; Driscoll, Mason, Chan, Jacob, & Pirrone, 2013).