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Microfibre Methodologies for the Field and Laboratory
Published in Judith S. Weis, Francesca De Falco, Mariacristina Cocca, Polluting Textiles, 2022
Abigail P.W. Barrows, Courtney A. Neumann
Nile Red dye is frequently used to stain plastic particles in microplastic samples since it adheres to synthetics but not to most naturally occurring materials and fluoresces under specific light wavelengths (Erni-Cassola et al., 2017; Simmerman & Coleman Wasik, 2020). The technique is fast and efficient, especially for quantifying smaller plastic size fractions (<1 mm) (Erni-Cassola et al., 2017; Lavers et al., 2016). Nile Red needs to be dissolved with a solvent, commonly methanol (Erni-Cassola et al., 2017) or acetone (Maes et al., 2017; Mason et al., 2018; Shim et al., 2016), before being added to a sample. Different solvents can affect the efficacy or fluorescence of the filter material and therefore solvent choice will be determined by which filter material is used for processing (Erni-Cassola et al., 2017; Shim et al., 2016).
A Sustainable Approach for Bioenergy and Biofuel Production from Microalgae
Published in Kalyan Gayen, Tridib Kumar Bhowmick, Sunil K. Maity, Sustainable Downstream Processing of Microalgae for Industrial Application, 2019
J. K. Bwapwa, T. Mutanda, A. Anandraj
The best method that is widely used for the screening of microalgal strains producing neutral lipids is the Nile red (9-diethylamino-5H-benzo (α) phenoxazine-5-one) staining technique employing the highly lipophilic dye Nile red (Chen et al. 2018: 71–81). Nile red staining is regularly used as an alternative method for microalgal neutral lipid detection due to its speed, simplicity, and low requirement in terms of microalgal biomass, as well as reduced number of samples and preparation time (Halim and Webley 2015: 1–14). The basic principle of this method is that the Nile red dye binds to the lipid globules, forming a chromogenic complex that appears yellow in color for neutral lipids. The spectral properties of the dye are determined by the polarity of its surrounding medium. The Nile red dye emits intense fluorescence in hydrophobic organic solvents in contact with lipid globules, whereas in aqueous solutions, its fluorescence is totally quenched (Halim and Webley 2015: 1–14). Besides being quick and simple, the main advantage is that the method is not expensive because the equipment used is not expensive.
Methods for Analyzing Floc Properties
Published in Ian G. Droppo, Gary G. Leppard, Steven N. Liss, Timothy G. Milligan, FLOCCULATION in NATURAL and ENGINEERED ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS, 2004
Ian G. Droppo, Gary G. Leppard, Steven N. Liss, Timothy G. Milligan
The hydrophobic lipid stain Nile Red has also been used extensively to detect lipids in algal and bacterial cells and associated materials. Wolfaardt et al. 56 reported using Nile Red to detect hydrophobic cell surfaces within a degradative biofilm community, while Lamont et al. 57 indicated that lipid deposits associated with Frankia could be localized.
Preparation of iron-loaded water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions: optimization using response surface methodology
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Shima Saffarionpour, Levente L. Diosady
The brightfield and fluorescence microscopy images of the produced double emulsions were captured by a fluorescence microscope equipped with an Olympus BX51 digital camera (Japan) with the magnification of 100×. For staining of the oil phase, Nile red was used as a coloring dye with the excitation spectrum of 543 nm and emission spectrum of 605 nm. 0.02 mg of Nile red was dissolved in 20 mL of ethanol and 100 µL of each prepared emulsion was stained with 10 µL of Nile red solution for fluorescence imaging. Fluorescence images of double emulsions were taken by fluorescence microscopy and further processed using the CellSens software. The emulsion droplet size for the internal aqueous and external organic phase was measured from the brightfield and fluorescence microscopy images utilizing the ImageJ software.
Oleaginous potential of indigenously isolated fresh water microalgae for biofuel production
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2021
Nile red (9-diethylamino-5H-benzo (α) phenoxaphenoxazine- 5-one), is a lipid soluble fluorescent dye which can in situ stain the lipids. The colour enters through the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane and then dissolves in the neutral and polar lipids present to give fluorescence (Rattanapoltee and Kaewkannetra 2013). A strong yellow-gold fluorescence was observed in BV3, BV4 and BV14 indicating a relatively high neutral lipid content which corresponds to the spectrophotometric data (Figure 6). This probably may be due to the fact that while the culture is in its log phase, neutral lipid formation and accumulation is retarded. However, during the stationary phase the accumulation of neutral lipid is seen. This can also be justified by the fact that several papers report a time period of around twenty days for lipid production from microalgae (Klyachko-Gurvich 1974; Abou-Shanab et al. 2011; Ghosh, Roy, and Das 2017)
Determining intracellular lipid content of different oleaginous yeasts by one simple and accurate Nile Red fluorescent method
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Cheng Zhao, Mu-Tan Luo, Chao Huang, Xue-Fang Chen, Lian Xiong, Hai-Long Li, Xin-De Chen
Generally, choosing appropriate fluorescent dyes is a key prerequisite in the fluorescent method. Among the various fluorescent dyes, Nile Red is applied widely for microbial lipid measurement due to its advantages of high specificity for combining with microbial lipids, stability for detection, easy for staining, and low cost of operation.[14–16] However, compared with the lipid content measurement of oleaginous microalgae, Nile Red fluorescent method is applied less for oleaginous yeast because of the relatively low correlation coefficient of the fluorescent method.[17,18] Therefore, different standard curves are always built individually for the lipid content measurement of different oleaginous yeasts and this is undoubtedly inconvenient and time-consuming for each new measurement.[19] Hence, it is wise to explore a new standard curve that can determinate the lipid content of some oleaginous yeasts by one standard curve to make the Nile Red fluorescent method more efficient for lipid content measurement.