China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Reprotoxic and Endocrine Substances
Published in Małgorzata Pośniak, Emerging Chemical Risks in the Work Environment, 2020
Katarzyna Miranowicz-Dzierżawska
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is used as a solvent and paint remover, pigment suspension agent, and an intermediate in chemical, electrical, and electronics industries. Fetotoxic and embryotoxic effects of this compound have been confirmed in laboratory animals. Administered to female mice, rats, or rabbits in non-toxic or slightly toxic doses for mothers, it caused an increase in intrauterine morbidity, incidence of stillbirths, and lower birth weight of the offspring. The compound has caused similar effects after intraperitoneal, inhalation, intragastric or dermal administration. It is also probably reprotoxic to humans [Sitarek 2005].
Polymer Blend Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Published in Prasanth Raghavan, Fatima M. J. Jabeen, Polymer Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices, 2021
N. S. Jishnu, Neethu T.M. Balakrishnan, Anjumole P. Thomas, Akhila Das, Jou-Hyeon Ahn, Fatima M. J. Jabeen, Prasanth Raghavan
Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) and its co-polymer polyvinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-co-HFP) are thermoplastic fluoropolymers. PVdF is produced by the polymerization of vinylidene difluoride (C2H2F2) . PVdF possesses a greatest purity, as well as resistance to solvents, acids and hydrocarbons. It is widely employed as binder material in both anodes and cathodes in LIBs. PVdF exhibits good electrochemical stability in contact with electrolyte mixtures and with high affinity for liquid electrolytes. For high-voltage operations, NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) is used as a solvent, along with PVdF. Since it has good stability in the electrolyte, it is well studied as a polymer matrix and is used for the fabrication of polymer electrolytes in LIBs. Additionally, different copolymers of PVdF, such as polyvinylidene difluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVdF-co-TrFE), polyvinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-co-HFP) [18] and poly-vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene (PVdF-co-CTFE) [19], also exhibit better electrochemical performance as separators in the battery [15, 20–22]. They are capable of exhibiting excellent properties, such as high polarity, excellent thermal and mechanical properties, wettability by organic solvents and chemical inertness and stability in the cathodic environment, as well as possessing tailorable porosity through binary and ternary solvent/non-solvent systems [23, 24]. This polymer is partially fluorinated and semi-crystallized, with its amorphous phase located in between the crystalline lamel-lae arranged in spherulites [25, 26]. It involves different phases, in which the β-phase is important, since it exhibits ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties [25]. The strong electron-withdrawing fluoride group in PVdF provides a high dielectric constant (ɛ~8.4) [27] and thereby promotes the dissociation of lithium salts, which will be helpful in achieving the availability of a large number of charge carriers [27, 28].
Preparation of redispersed WO3 nanoparticles in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone by ethylene glycol as a dispersing agent
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Mohammad Ghafouri, Aysa Ghahramani Azad, Samra Bidadi, Behnam Zeinalvand Farzin
On the other hand, good solvency properties of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) has led to the use of NMP in dissolving a wide range of polymers.[25–28] This solvent is miscible with water and with the most common organic solvents and has many common uses in gas sensors,[29] electrochromic,[30] photochromic[31] materials, and so on. Furtheremore, NMP is used as an excellent additive for controlling the formation of high-quality perovskite films for solar cells[32] and has some potential applications for fuel cells,[33] water splitting systems[34] and lithium-ion batteries.[35]
Waterborne polyurethanes: A review
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2018
This way, a medium molecular weight polymer (pre-polymer) is prepared through the reaction of proper amounts of diols, including polyether or polyester with a molar excess of di-isocyanates. Then, the ionic centers are added to the reaction mixture as an internal emulsifier. After the chain extension, the step of dispersion in water is executed. In this process, around 12–15 wt% organic solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), is generally used to reduce the viscosity of the mixture. The typical steps of the pre-polymer mixing method have been illustrated in Figure 4.[49]