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Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Delivery Applications
Published in Ann Rose Abraham, Soney C. George, A. K. Haghi, Carbon Nanotubes, 2023
Jahanvee Mitra, G. K. P. Srilekha, Nilesh Wagh, Jaya Lakkakula
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major drawback related to chemotherapy which leads to an increased dosage of the anticancer drug. An experiment was conducted in which an antibody P-gp was functionalized with SWCNTs (water-soluble) against the K562 cells (leukemia) aiming at the development of a target-specific DDS to overcome MDR. The loading and release of the DOX were observed by FT-IR spectroscopy and the characteristics of antibody-conjugated SWCNTs were measured by SEM and TEM. It was observed that Antibody P (Ap) increased the surface area of the CNTs, thus the loading capacity was increased and also that the Ap-SWCNTs efficiently targeted and entered the leukemia cells through endocytosis. Li et al. reported that the DDS system developed with Ap– SWCNTs successfully delivered the drugs and caused a high amount of cell cytotoxicity onto K562R cells, which could overpower the efflux of DOX by MDR. The best and highly demanding antibody-conjugated SWCNTs was established mainly to overcome the MDR and also to enhance the targeted delivery of DOX.70
Polymeric Micelles for Formulation of Anti-Cancer Drugs
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
Helen Lee, Patrick Lim Soo, Jubo Liu, Mark Butler, Christine Allen
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is one of the most significant obstacles in chemotherapy and is often found in refractory cancers. MDR may be a result of the undesired efflux of a drug from the intracellular compartment. Transporter proteins that are overexpressed on the cell membrane of certain cancer cells are responsible for drug efflux. The drug efflux protein that has been studied most extensively is the ATP-dependent P-glycoprotein (P-gp).26,123 This drug transporter is also expressed in healthy tissues such as the epithelial cells of the intestine and the endothelial cells in the blood–brain barrier. The normal physiological function of P-gp is to regulate molecular transport and provide protection or detoxification of the cell.124 The normal physiological levels of drug efflux protein also function to limit the bioavailability of drugs delivered via the oral route as well as to limit drug delivery to the brain.
Synthesis and characterization of lanthanide complexes as potential therapeutic agents
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Multidrug resistance (MDR) microorganisms are considered as microorganisms that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents. Some previously treatable pathogens are now becoming untreatable, for example methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus [1, 2]. MDR has emerged as a serious threat in the management of infectious diseases. The aggravation problem of MDR caused by microorganisms has accessed alarming levels in many countries around the world. Microbial resistance not only contributed to the increase in mortality associated with infections and the incidence of infections but also significantly contributed to raise the financial costs of health care related to the treatment of drug-resistant infections. The problem has prevailed mainly due to: (i) shortage development of antibiotics and acquirement of mechanisms of resistance [3] (ii) the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture [4]. The enhancement of antibiotic resistance has encouraged the search for new metal complexes as novel antimicrobial therapeutic agents. This revival interest seemed appropriate to combine two or more compounds with different pharmacophoric groups for producing novel compounds which are active against multidrug-resistant pathogens.