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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Recognition and Signaling Elements in Sensors
Published in Onur Parlak, Switchable Bioelectronics, 2020
Molecular structures in living organisms have the ability to differentiate foreign molecules through various types of interactions, and this ability is called “molecular recognition.” There are a number of natural recognition elements, such as antibodies, enzymes, aptamers, and nucleic acids, used for the detection of target molecules in chemical and biological analyses. Due to the poor chemical, stability, and long-term stability and high cost of these elements, researchers have focused on investigating alternative synthetic recognition elements that can overcome these limitations. One of the promising approaches is the molecular imprinting technique, and the materials produced are called “molecularly imprinted polymers” (MIPs). MIPs are referred to as “antibody mimics” or “plastic antibodies” because these materials mimic the interactions of their natural counterparts, resulting in high affinity and selectivity.1
Introduction
Published in Jubaraj Bikash Baruah, Principles and Advances in Supramolecular Catalysis, 2019
Recognition of a molecule means specific and selective interactions between two or more molecules to form a stable host—guest complex over other similar analogous combinations. The complementary effects of weak interactions or additional weak interactions over normal interactions are of prime concern in molecular recognition. To have molecular recognition in supramolecular chemistry, two or more molecules bind to one another in a specific geometry. This is especially the case when a central molecule under consideration prefers to interact with one among several alternative molecules. To execute molecular recognition, a set of molecules utilise specific noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, π-π interactions, ion-π interactions and electrostatic interactions. Generally, a relatively bigger or comparably sized partner molecule among a set of interacting molecules, which is called a guest molecule, accommodates or binds the other partner molecules called guest molecules. The interactions between such molecules are referred to as host—guest interactions. However, host—guest interactions or molecular recognition require complementing sizes and shapes inside a cavity, vacant spaces in container-like molecules or suitable space on a surface. The lock-and-key interaction between enzyme and substrate is an example of a molecular recognition process.
Introduction
Published in Vlad P. Shmerko, Svetlana N. Yanushkevich, Sergey Edward Lyshevski, Computer Arithmetics for Nanoelectronics, 2018
Vlad P. Shmerko, Svetlana N. Yanushkevich, Sergey Edward Lyshevski
Molecular recognition, complementarity, and aggregation are well-established and sound principles. Molecular recognition implies the specific interaction between two or more molecules by means noncovalent (hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, pi-pi interactions, electrostatic forces, etc.), and covalent bonds. For example, molecular recognition and molecular complementarity, exhibited by DNA, amino acids, and other biomolecules, can be significantly expanded utilizing organic and inorganic molecules. Stereochemistry studies the spatial arrangement of atoms, molecules, and molecular aggregates.
Biomimetic materials based on zwitterionic polymers toward human-friendly medical devices
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2022
In living systems, cells are highly organized to maintain their biological activity. Cells produce energy through molecular reactions and are responsible for accurate transmission and control of information. If the information transfer fails, biological activities may cease [11]. For suitable molecular recognition, the reactivity with the target molecules must be enhanced, while unwanted molecular reactions must be prevented. Characteristic properties of the cell surface play an essential role in this function [12]. The concept of improving the performance of materials and equipment by mimicking the superior properties of biological systems is scientifically termed ‘biomimetics’ [13,14]. Illustrative examples include morphological mimicry of water-repellent lotus leaves and molecular mimicry of energy production, as in the molecular mechanism of photosynthesis. This review focuses on polymer molecular design methods based on functional mechanisms relating to antifouling and lubricious interfaces, using biomimetics at the molecular level.
Site-specific post-imprinting modification of molecularly imprinted polymer nanocavities with a modifiable functional monomer for prostate cancer biomarker recognition
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2019
Hiroki Matsumoto, Hirobumi Sunayama, Yukiya Kitayama, Eri Takano, Toshifumi Takeuchi
The development of molecular recognition materials is crucial for advances in a wide range of research fields, with potential uses in affinity separation, sensors, and diagnostics in medicine [1]. Natural antibodies are powerful molecular recognition elements for various biomacromolecules and biologically active substances. However, antibodies are fragile and difficult to functionalize. In addition, natural antibodies offer disadvantages in terms of recognition of antigens bearing carbohydrates, as anti-carbohydrate antibodies are difficult to prepare, despite the fact that the detection of specific glycoproteins is important for various research fields due to their important biological roles in the human body [2–4]. Therefore, the development of artificial glycoprotein recognition materials is greatly needed.