China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
MicroRNAs
Published in Peixuan Guo, Kirill A. Afonin, RNA Nanotechnology and Therapeutics, 2022
Bin Guo, Jingwen Liu, Daniel W. Binzel
With the natural occurrence of microRNAs and their important gene regulation role in disease prevention and development, these small RNAs prove to be an excellent candidate for use as novel therapeutics or targets for therapeutics (Bader et al., 2010, Obad et al., 2011). With successful delivery of miRNAs to diseased cells, regulation of specific gene expression and modification of cellular function can be accomplished; however, successful targeting and delivery of the miRNAs are needed. In diseases where the expression of a miRNA is suppressed as described earlier, the miRNA expression can be synthetically returned to its normal level through specific delivery of that miRNA (Ye et al., 2011). Additionally, anti-miRNA locked nucleic acid (LNA) sequences have been designed to bind and silence oncogenic miRNAs that are overexpressed within cancers (Obad et al., 2011). These short (typically 8nt) LNAs bind to the 3’ seed region of miRNA in the cytoplasm of cells, thus preventing the miRNA from binding to its normal messenger RNA (mRNA) target. Therefore, a delivery scaffold that is stable and easily assembled is essential for delivery of these miRNAs and anti-miRNAs.
Proteomic Profiling and Predictive Biomarkers in Neuro-Traumatology and Neuro-Oncology
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Mario Ganau, Nikolaos Syrmos, Marco Paris, Lara Prisco
Ultimately, rather than targeting the SCI transcription levels, microRNA array technology was used as a new, powerful tool to reveal the consequences of injury at the gene modulation level [34, 35]. Briefly, microRNAs are a class of RNA molecules implicated in a wide range of gene regulation mechanisms. Their role in SCI can be classified into three categories: (1) upregulation, (2) downregulation, and (3) an early upregulation at 4 h followed by downregulation at 1 and 7 days post-SCI. An initial bioinformatics analysis indicated that the potential targets for miRNAs altered after SCI include genes involved in the inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis [34]. Soon, this approach could represent a useful way to determine pathologic biosignatures (i.e., abnormal expression of miRNAs coupled with microsegmental neuroradiological imaging of the spinal cord) and contribute not only to the monitoring of SCI but also to the development of therapeutic interventions, through the analysis of the clinical response to innovative regenerative drugs currently tested in randomized controlled trials, such as the Rho inhibitor known as Cethrin [37].
Proteomic Profiling and Predictive Biomarkers in Neuro-Traumatology and Neuro-Oncology
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Mario Ganau, Nikolaos Syrmos, Marco Paris, Lara Prisco
Ultimately, rather than targeting the SCI transcription levels, microRNA array technology was used as a new, powerful tool to reveal the consequences of injury at the gene modulation level [34, 35]. Briefly, microRNAs are a class of RNA molecules implicated in a wide range of gene regulation mechanisms. Their role in SCI can be classified into three categories: (1) upregulation, (2) downregulation, and (3) an early upregulation at 4 h followed by downregulation at 1 and 7 days post-SCI. An initial bioinformatics analysis indicated that the potential targets for miRNAs altered after SCI include genes involved in the inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis [34]. Soon, this approach could represent a useful way to determine pathologic biosignatures (i.e., abnormal expression of miRNAs coupled with microsegmental neuroradiological imaging of the spinal cord) and contribute not only to the monitoring of SCI but also to the development of therapeutic interventions, through the analysis of the clinical response to innovative regenerative drugs currently tested in randomized controlled trials, such as the Rho inhibitor known as Cethrin [37].
The individual and combined effects of spaceflight radiation and microgravity on biologic systems and functional outcomes
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2021
Jeffrey S. Willey, Richard A. Britten, Elizabeth Blaber, Candice G.T. Tahimic, Jeffrey Chancellor, Marie Mortreux, Larry D. Sanford, Angela J. Kubik, Michael D. Delp, Xiao Wen Mao
Maintenance of stemness during microgravity exposure has also been demonstrated in several other stem cell populations including cardiovascular progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic (HSCs), and adipose derived stem cells. Specifically, studies using neonatal and adult cardiovascular progenitor cells exposed to microgravity on ISS and simulated microgravity in a clinostat resulted in altered cytoskeletal organization and migration in both cell populations.215,216 Several of these responses were found to be regulated by miRNAs, thereby indicating that miRNAs may be a key mediator of the cellular response to spaceflight exposure.215–217 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They function via base-pairing with complementary strands of mRNA, in turn silencing them by cleavage, destabilization, or hindering translation. Furthermore, the authors found reduced yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and Tafazzin (TAZ) signaling that can function to regulate transcription and is affected by mechanical load.217 Neonatal but not adult cardiovascular progenitor cells exposed to spaceflight exhibited increased expression of markers for early cardiovascular development and enhanced proliferative potential, possibly mediated through miRNA signaling.215,216
Aquaporins mediated arsenite transport in plants: Molecular mechanisms and applications in crop improvement
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Fenglin Deng, Xue Liu, Yanshan Chen, Bala Rathinasabapathi, Christopher Rensing, Jian Chen, Jue Bi, Ping Xiang, Lena Q. Ma
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a key player in negatively regulating gene expression through degrading their targets at the post-transcriptional level, as they are involved in numerous biological processes in eukaryotes (Cui, You, & Chen, 2017). For example, As-responsive miRNAs are involved in regulating As signaling and transport in plants, so the potential targets of differential miRNAs under As stress are associated with signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, nutrient transport and metabolism, and various developmental processes (Liu & Zhang, 2012; Sharma, Tiwari, Lakhwani, Tripathi, & Trivedi, 2015; Srivastava, Srivastava, Suprasanna, & D’Souza, 2013; Yu et al., 2012). Thirty-six different miRNAs with significant alterations responding to AsIII have been identified in rice. In particular, miR164f, miR156j and miR1851 were down-regulated in rice shoots after AsIII exposure, while the expression of predicted targets OsTIP1;1, OsTIP1;2, and OsPIP1;2 were elevated (Yu et al., 2012). The results suggest that certain aquaporins are probably regulated via miRNAs.
A Co(II)-based coordination polymer: treatment activity on endometrial cancer by inducing cell apoptosis through regulating the expression of miRNA29
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Ai-Fang Wu, Chong-Li Xu, Mei-Ling Ji, Tong-Yu Zhu
Endometrial cancer is one of the three most common malignant tumors in gynecology.[1] The abnormal gene and signaling pathways lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and apoptosis, which in turn leads to the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer.[2] At present, the molecular pathogenesis of endometrial cancer is not completely clear, and further exploration is needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could regulate the relative expression of the cancer-related genes or post-transcriptionally influence the gene expression. In the past several years, researchers have indicated that in the majority of human cancers, there was usually combined with an aberrant expression of miR-29.[3,4] However, the expression level and regulation activity of the miR-29 in endometrial cancer is still unclear, which should be explored in this present research.